Genetic Diversity: Sources, Threats, and Conservation

Nonić, Marina; Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71065-5_53-1

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Genetic diversity is fundamental in biodiversity and adaptation of species and a high genetic diversity is an indicator of stronger viability and adaptability of populations to a given environment [ 67 ]. Our study found low Fst values in all three loci, indicating low genetic differentiation between populations, confirming frequent gene flow between populations, which increases the species’ adaptability to changes in the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found higher genetic diversity amongst the locally-adapted pigs and warthogs at the SLA-1 loci than the exotic pigs that undergo intensive inbreeding to maintain important reproductive traits for commercial purposes ( Table 5 ). The higher diversity may enhance the tolerance of the locally-adapted pigs and warthogs populations to changes in the environment resulting in higher adaptability to novel environmental pressures [ 8 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of SLA-1, SLA-2, and DQB1 Genetic Diversity in Locally-Adapted Kenyan Pigs and Their Wild Relatives, Warthogs

Machuka

Muigai

Amimo

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) plays a central role in controlling the immune response by discriminating self and foreign antigens and initiating an immune response. Studies on SLA polymorphism have demonstrated associations between SLA allelic variants, immune response, and disease resistance. The SLA polymorphism is due to host-pathogen co-evolution resulting in improved adaptation to diverse environments making SLA a crucial genomic region for comparative diversity studies. Although locally-adapted African pigs have small body sizes, they possess increased resilience under harsh environmental conditions and robust immune systems with reported tolerance to some diseases, including African swine fever. However, data on the SLA diversity in these pigs are not available. We characterized the SLA of unrelated locally-adapted domestic pigs from Homa Bay, Kenya, alongside exotic pigs and warthogs. We undertook SLA comparative diversity of the functionally expressed SLA class I (SLA-1, SLA-2) and II (DQB1) repertoires in these three suids using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) sequence-based typing (SBT) method. Our data revealed higher genetic diversity in the locally-adapted pigs and warthogs compared to the exotic pigs. The nucleotide substitution rates were higher in the peptide-binding regions of the SLA-1, SLA-2, and DQB1 loci, indicative of adaptive evolution. We obtained high allele frequencies in the three SLA loci, including some breed-specific private alleles, which could guide breeders to increase their frequency through selection if confirmed to be associated with enhanced resilience. Our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on genetic diversity in free-ranging animal populations in their natural environment, availing the first DQB1 gene data from locally-adapted Kenyan pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of SLA-1, SLA-2, and DQB1 Genetic Diversity in Locally-Adapted Kenyan Pigs and Their Wild Relatives, Warthogs

Machuka

Muigai

Amimo

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Ex situ conservation has undoubtedly limitations, including the erosion of the original genetic material due to genetic drift, inbreeding, outbreeding, accumulation of deleterious alleles, hybridization and introgression (Volis, 2017;Ensslin and Godefroid, 2019;Nonić and Šijačić-Nikolić, 2019). Phenotypic changes such as loss of seed dormancy, increased germination rate, phenological and growth shifts, as well as changes in reproduction and competitive ability are typical signs of the altered original, wild material.…”

Section: Academicpresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex situ conservation in botanical gardens – challenges and scientific potential preserving plant biodiversity

Kovács

Csergő

Csontos

et al. 2021

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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In the Anthropocene, the world’s plant diversity is threatened with extinction and the erosion of the genetic diversity of natural populations. According to the State of the World’s Plants and Fungi 2020 of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, two out of five of the ~350,000 known vascular plant species are at risk of extinction. Despite the considerable toolkit of biodiversity conservation practices, usually it is hard to choose the best option to stop biodiversity loss. Ex situ conservation has seen massive development due to radical losses of natural ecosystems, and its incrementing necessity has been underscored by Target 8 of the 2011-2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. As we crossed the finish line of this strategy in 2020, a review of the accumulated knowledge on the ex situ living collections has become particularly important. Despite the increasing attention received by ex situ conservation, studies on the sustainability, quality, and usability of the plant material prior to establishing the garden collections are few, leaving major gaps unfilled in terms of best ex situ conservation practices. Here we present an overview of the results and experiences in ex situ conservation focusing on living plant collections, with the aim of guiding conservation practitioners towards the most efficient working methods. We evaluate the future needs and perspectives of this conservation technique, based on case studies on both woody and herb species. Possible conservation applications and priorities suggested for future works are summarized.

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“…Variability and genetic diversity are essential in the evolution and applied sciences because they will determine how an organism responds to environmental changes such as natural selection, environmental stress and susceptibility to various diseases (Nonić and Šijačić-Nikolić 2019). Therefore, information on B. multangula genetic diversity and intraspecies relationships based on molecular characters is important to develop the appropriate strategies in conservation biology, breeding activities, and many other applied fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of Begonia multangula based on atpB-rbcL non-coding spacer of cpDNA sequences

Warseno

Efendi²,

CHASANI

et al. 2022

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Warseno T, Efendi M, Chasani AR, Daryono BS. 2022. Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of Begonia multangula based on atpB-rbcL non-coding spacer of cpDNA sequences. Biodiversitas 23: 5491-5501. Begonia (Begoniaceae) belongs to Section Platycentrum-Sphenanthera Group which has a wide distribution from Sumatra to the Lesser Sunda Islands and Sulawesi. Information on B. multangula genetic variability and intraspecies relationships based on molecular characters is critical for developing appropriate strategies in conservation biology, breeding activities, and many other applied fields. The genetic variability and interspecific relationships of B. multangula in Indonesia were investigated using sequence data from the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer (IGS) cpDNA regions. The atpB-rbcL IGS fragment was amplified using atpB-1 as the forward primer and rbcL-1 as the reversed primer. Genetic variations were found in the length of the sequence and nucleotide divergences in the atpB-rbcL IGS region. The genetic distance between 822 fixed sites ranged from 0 to 0.61%. Eighteen of the 822 sites (99.27%) analyzed were invariable, six sites (0,73%) were variable consisting of 4 singleton variable sites and two parsimony informative sites, and twelve sites were gaps. The phylogenetic relationships generated by B. multangula based on the atpB-rbcL IGS sequence analysis indicated the genetic variation and divided it into two clades. However, the clustering pattern of B. multangula specimens resulting from molecular analysis based on atpB-rbcL IGS sequences did not show the geographic clustering grouping pattern.

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Genetic Diversity: Sources, Threats, and Conservation

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Comparative Analysis of SLA-1, SLA-2, and DQB1 Genetic Diversity in Locally-Adapted Kenyan Pigs and Their Wild Relatives, Warthogs

Comparative Analysis of SLA-1, SLA-2, and DQB1 Genetic Diversity in Locally-Adapted Kenyan Pigs and Their Wild Relatives, Warthogs

Ex situ conservation in botanical gardens – challenges and scientific potential preserving plant biodiversity

Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of Begonia multangula based on atpB-rbcL non-coding spacer of cpDNA sequences

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