Genetic effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in growth hormone receptor gene on the risk of non‐syndromic mandibular prognathism in the Korean population

Abstract

Craniofacial morphology is a complex physical trait determined by genetic and environmental factors, and the relative interactions between these factors lead to varying craniofacial phenotypes. 1 From the orthodontic viewpoint, various craniofacial phenotypes refer to the relative sagittal and vertical relationships between the cranial base, maxilla and mandible. 2 Among the diverse craniofacial phenotypes, the mandibular prognathism (MP) is defined as a sagittal discrepancy on the skeletal structure in which the mandible is positioned more anteriorly relative to the maxilla regardless of the vertical type of the mandible. MP also results from the interactions between environmental and genetic factors. 3,4 However, to date, most studies have focused on the genetic factors associated with mandibular overgrowth. [5][6][7][8]

Role of the Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) Gene in Skeletal Class II Malocclusion and Its Significant Influence on the Skeletal Facial Profile in Both the Sagittal and Vertical Dimensions: A Systematic Review

“…The influence of GHR polymorphisms was investigated in several other phenotypes relating to mandibular morphology. One such study conducted by Park et al [ 21 ] and the team demonstrated the association of three polymorphisms, viz., rs6180, rs6182, and rs6184, with mandibular prognathism. Although the association was found to be insignificant, the rs6180 polymorphism was found to exhibit a marked association with that of SNMP, ANB, and SNB and effective mandibular length in females.…”