Genetic Enhancement of Polyploid Crops Using Tools of Classical Cytogenetics and Modern Biotechnology

Jauhar, Prem P.

doi:10.1002/9780470376447.ch2

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Löve) (2n = 2x = 14, EE) is a reservoir of genes for resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) with only 3.8% infection (Jauhar and Peterson 1998) and tolerance to salinity (Colmer et al 2006), two of the more significant constraints that have impacted the production of the cultivated wheats. Intergeneric hybridization within the Triticeae is a potent strategy for alien gene introgression into both durum and bread wheat (see Ceoloni and Jauhar 2006;Jauhar 2006Jauhar , 2007aMujeeb-Kazi 2006;Qi et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a durum alien disomic addition line with enhanced tolerance to Fusarium head blight

Jauhar

Peterson

2009

Genome

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Current durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.)) cultivars have little or no resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a ravaging disease of cereal crops. A diploid wheatgrass, Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Löve (2n = 2x = 14, EE genome), is an excellent source of FHB resistance. Through an extensive intergeneric hybridization using durum cultivar Langdon, we have developed a disomic alien addition line, named DGE-1 (2n = 28 + 2), with a wheatgrass chromosome pair. We used a unique method for isolating the addition line taking advantage of unreduced gametes functioning in Langdon x L. elongatum F1 hybrids in their first backcross to the Langdon parent, resulting in 35-chromosome plants from which we derived DGE-1. The addition line DGE-1 has a plant type similar to its Langdon parent, although it is shorter in height with narrower leaves and shorter spikes. It is meiotically and reproductively stable, generally forming 15 bivalents with two chiasmata each. The alien chromosome pair from the grass confers FHB resistance to the addition line, which has less than 21% infection on the visual scale, mean = 6.5%. Using various biochemical and molecular techniques (Giemsa C-banding, fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH), chromosome-specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, targeted region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) markers, and sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)), we have shown that the extra chromosome involved is 1E of L. elongatum. This is the first time that FHB resistance has been discovered on chromosome 1E. We have established a chromosome-specific marker for 1E that may be used to screen fertile hybrid derivatives and durum addition lines for this chromosome that confers FHB resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a durum alien disomic addition line with enhanced tolerance to Fusarium head blight

Jauhar

Peterson

2009

Genome

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“…However, a tetraploid desert-adapted red rat has been discovered in Argentina [13]. As pointed out earlier, successful polyploids among plants reproduce sexually and it has been emphasized that three factors, viz., sexual reproduction, allopolyploidy, and genetic control of chromosome pairing, jointly provide a perfect recipe for production of evolutionarily successful polyploid plant species [26,28,29]. Polyploid animals are sterile or unisexual and may not survive unless they resort to asexual reproduction, e.g., parthenogenesis and gynogenesis.…”

Section: Intolerance To Chromosome Imbalance: Rarity Of Polyploidy Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are ways and means of inducing homoeologous pairing by cytogenetic manipulation of the regulatory mechanism and thereby transferring chromosome segments across species. Such chromosome-mediated gene transfers or cytogenetically engineered chromatin transfers over the years have resulted in genetic enrichment of cultivated wheats [4,28,41,51].…”

Section: Chromosome Engineering and Genomic Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of chromosome behaviour: Implications in evolution, crop improvement, and human biology

Jauhar

2010

Nucleus

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Molecular characterization and sequence diversity of genes encoding the large subunit of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2015

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The large subunit of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), the rate limiting enzyme in starch biosynthesis in Triticum aestivum L., is encoded by the ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (AGP-L) gene. This was the first report on the development of three genome-specific primer sets for isolating the complete genomic sequence of all three homoeologous AGP-L genes on group 1 chromosomes. All three AGP-L genes consisted of 15 introns and 15 exons. The lengths of the structural genes from start to stop codon were 3334 bp for AGP-L-A1, 3351 bp for AGP-L-B1, and 3340 bp for AGP-L-D1. The coding region was 1569 bases long in all three genomes. All three AGP-L genes encoded 522 amino acid residues including the transit peptide sequences with 62 amino acid residues and the mature protein with 460 amino acid residues. The mature protein of three AGP-L genes was highly conserved. Three AGP-L genes were sequenced in 47 diverse spring and winter wheat genotypes. One and two haplotypes were found for AGP-L-D1 and AGP-L-A1, respectively. In total, 67 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 13 indels (insertions or deletions) forming five haplotypes were identified for AGP-L-B1. All 13 indels and 58 of the 67 SNPs among the 47 genotypes were located in the non-coding regions, while the remaining nine SNPs were synonymous substitutions in the coding region. Significant LD was found among the 45 SNPs and ten indels located from intron 2 to intron 3. Association analysis indicated that four SNPs were strongly associated with seed number per spike and thousand kernel weight.

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Genetic Enhancement of Polyploid Crops Using Tools of Classical Cytogenetics and Modern Biotechnology

Cited by 3 publications

References 125 publications

Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a durum alien disomic addition line with enhanced tolerance to Fusarium head blight

Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a durum alien disomic addition line with enhanced tolerance to Fusarium head blight

Genetic control of chromosome behaviour: Implications in evolution, crop improvement, and human biology

Molecular characterization and sequence diversity of genes encoding the large subunit of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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