Genetic environment of colistin resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-3 in Escherichia coli from one pig farm in China

Wang, Zheng; Fu, Yulin; Schwarz, Štefan; Yin, Wenjuan; Walsh, Timothy R.; Zhou, Yuqing; He, Jiakang; Jiang, Haiyang; Wang, Yang; Wang, Shaolin

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.011

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This indicates that mcr‐3 ‐bearing plasmids may confer greater fitness cost than mcr‐1 ‐bearing plasmids and chromosomes, which is consistent with the fact that mcr‐3 ‐bearing plasmids are less frequent than mcr‐1 ‐bearing plasmids among the mcr ‐bearing strains. [ 37 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Genomic Investigation of Coevolution of mcr genes in Escherichia coli Strains via Nanopore Sequencing

Zhang

et al. 2021

Global Challenges

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ance genes among pathogens, although some resistance genes already existed in the pre-antibiotic era. [3] There are still contrasting opinions concerning the role of clinical antibiotics in the evolution of antibiotic resistance genes, all of which are supported by different facts. [4-6] The actual correlation between these two factors may depend on the specific resistance mechanisms under investigation, and both ancient origin and post-antibiotic evolution in different environments may account for the current severe problem of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens. Horizontal gene transfer conferred by plasmids or other mobile elements plays a key role in the transmission of antibiotic resistance among different pathogens. [7] Furthermore, the persistence of resistance genes is critical for bacteria to constitute a real ongoing threat. The fitness cost endowed by the acquired resistance genes or plasmids can determine differences in the persistence of resistance genes among bacteria. [8,9] However, the role of mobile elements and antibiotics in the persistence and evolution of multiple acquired resistance genes, such as different mcr genes, in the same bacterial population has not been extensively investigated. The emergence of novel plasmid-associated mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) conferring resistance to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections caused by different Horizontal gene transfer facilitates the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, which constitutes a global challenge. However, the evolutionary trajectory of the mobile colistin resistome in bacteria is largely unknown. To investigate the coevolution and fitness cost of the colistin resistance genes in wild strains, different assays to uncover the genomic dynamics of mcr-1 and mcr-3 in bacterial populations are utilized. Escherichia coli strains harboring both mcr-1 and mcr-3.1/3.5 are isolated and mcr genes are associated with diverse mobile elements. Under exposure to colistin, the mcr-1-bearing resistome is stably inherited during bacterial replication, but mcr-3 is prone to be eliminated in populations of certain strains. In the absence of colistin, the persistence rates of the mcr-1 and mcr-3-bearing subclones varies depending on the genomic background. The decay of the mcr-bearing bacterial populations can be mediated by the elimination of mcr-containing segments, large genomic deletions, and plasmid loss. Mobile elements, including plasmids and transposons, are double-edged swords in the evolution of the resistome. The findings support the idea that antibiotic overuse accounts for global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Therefore, stringent regulation of antibiotic prescription for humans and animals should be performed systematically to alleviate the threat of MDR bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Genomic Investigation of Coevolution of mcr genes in Escherichia coli Strains via Nanopore Sequencing

Zhang

et al. 2021

Global Challenges

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“…While the acquisition of the mcr-1 gene does not result in a new bacterial strain, the recipient strain develops resistance to COL (Schwarz and Johnson, 2016). As the mcr-1 gene is highly transmissible, it has been observed in more than 30 countries on six continents (Wang et al, 2019;Shen et al, 2020), and can be found in different genera (such as E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, and Salmonella) isolated from animals, food, or humans worldwide (Hu et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2016;Pham Thanh et al, 2016;Schwarz and Johnson, 2016;Al-Tawfiq et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019). Strains of Salmonella are important pathogens of concern in food safety, as they are frequently transmitted between agricultural animals, food, and humans (Foley and Lynne, 2008); the pathogens often cause gastroenteritis, in some cases severe, and are responsible for >600,000 deaths annually (Lokken et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmid Dynamics of mcr-1-Positive Salmonella spp. in a General Hospital in China

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Salmonella is an important food pathogen that can cause severe gastroenteritis with more than 600,000 deaths globally every year. Colistin (COL), a last-resort antibiotic, is ineffective in bacteria that carry a functional mcr-1 gene, which is often spread by conjugative plasmids. Our work aimed to understand the prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in clinical isolates of Salmonella, as the frequency of occurrence of the mcr-1 gene is increasing globally. Therefore, we analyzed 689 clinical strains, that were isolated between 2009 and late 2018. The mcr-1 gene was found in six strains, which we analyzed in detail by whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing, while we also provide the clinical information on the patients suffering from an infection. The genomic analysis revealed that five strains had plasmid-encoded mcr-1 gene located in four IncHI2 plasmids and one IncI2 plasmid, while one strain had the chromosomal mcr-1 gene originated from plasmid. Surprisingly, in two strains the mcr-1 genes were inactive due to disruption by insertion sequences (ISs): ISApl1 and ISVsa5. A detailed analysis of the plasmids revealed a multitude of ISs, most commonly IS26. The IS contained genes that meditate broad resistance toward most antibiotics underlining their importance of the mobile elements, also with respect to the spread of the mcr-1 gene. Our study revealed potential reservoirs for the transmission of COL resistance and offers insights into the evolution of the mcr-1 gene in Salmonella.

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“…Interestingly, E. coli CAU16177 also harbored mcr-3.1 . Four mcr-1 – and mcr-3 -positive E. coli have been reported, and three E. coli isolates were recovered from pigs ( 23 ). The E. coli CAU16175 and CAU16177 both harbored type III secretion system-associated virulence genes ( cif , espA, espB , and espJ ), non–LEE-encoded effector gene ( nleB ), glutamate decarboxylase gene ( gad ), increased serum survival gene ( iss ), a marker gene for EPEC, intimin gene ( eae ), and translocated intimin receptor gene ( tir) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they have large number of variants, such as mcr-1 ( mcr-1.1 to mcr-1.22 ), mcr-2 ( mcr-2.1 to mcr-2.3 ), mcr-3 ( mcr-3.1 to mcr-3.30 ), mcr-4 ( mcr-4.1 to mcr-4.6 ), mcr-5 ( mcr-5.1 to mcr-5.4 ), and mcr-8 ( mcr-8.1 and mcr-8.2 ) ( 22 ). Our previous study found that the resistance rate to colistin was 20.47% in 171 E. coli isolates ( 6 ), and a recent article reported that direct sample testing rates of mcr-1 were higher than the rates of mcr-1 –positive E. coli (64.6 vs. 49.2%) ( 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Characterization of mcr-1–Positive Escherichia coli Isolated From Pigs With Postweaning Diarrhea in China

Guo

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli is the causative agent of diarrhea in infants and animals worldwide. Many isolated strains recovered from pigs with postweaning diarrhea are multidrug resistance (MDR), and hybrids of E. coli are potentially more virulent, as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)/Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) hybrids. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing to analyze clinical isolates of the five colistin-resistant E. coli. The E. coli CAU15104, CAU15134, and CAU16060 belonged to ETEC/STEC hybrids, displaying the same serotype O3:H45 and sequence type ST4214. The E. coli CAU16175 and CAU16177 belonged to atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC), display O4:H11 and O103:H2, ST29, and ST20, respectively. The E. coli CAU16175 carries six plasmids. An IncHI2-type plasmid, pCAU16175_1, harbors an IS26-enriched MDR region, which includes 16 antimicrobial-resistant genes. An IncFII-type plasmid, pCAU16175_3, harbors mcr-1.1, tet(M), and bla TEM−1B , whereas mcr-1.1 is located within a Tn2 derivative. Our findings indicate that the ETEC/STEC strains of the O3:H45 serotype as well as the aEPEC strains of the O4:H11 and O103:H2 serotypes are associated with postweaning diarrhea in swine and that some of diarrheagenic E. coli contains IS26-enriched MDR region and the mcr-1 gene located within a Tn2 derivative on IncFII plasmid.

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Genetic environment of colistin resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-3 in Escherichia coli from one pig farm in China

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Comprehensive Genomic Investigation of Coevolution of mcr genes in Escherichia coli Strains via Nanopore Sequencing

Comprehensive Genomic Investigation of Coevolution of mcr genes in Escherichia coli Strains via Nanopore Sequencing

Plasmid Dynamics of mcr-1-Positive Salmonella spp. in a General Hospital in China

Genome Characterization of mcr-1–Positive Escherichia coli Isolated From Pigs With Postweaning Diarrhea in China

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