Genetic epidemiology of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) in northern Australia

Walton, Shelley F.; Dougall, Annette M.; Pizzutto, Susan J.; Holt, Deborah C.; Taplin, David; Arlian, Larry G.; Morgan, Marjorie S.; Currie, Bart J.; Kemp, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.04.002

Cited by 124 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, Navajas et al (1998) showed extensive polymorphism in sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I in T. urticae. Some sorts of geographical or host specificity in Sarcoptes populations have been shown in studies in which microsatellites were used as markers (Walton et al, 2004;Soglia et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Is ITS-2 rDNA suitable marker for genetic characterization of Sarcoptes mites from different wild animals in different geographic areas?

Alasaad

Soglia

Spalenza

et al. 2009

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…differences were detected by microsatellites between geographically distinct populations (Walton et al, 2004;Soglia et al, 2007). Also, microsatellite markers were used by Alasaad et al (2008a) to describe a new phenomenon of genetic structuring among S. scabiei at individual host skinscale level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is ITS-2 rDNA suitable marker for genetic characterization of Sarcoptes mites from different wild animals in different geographic areas?

Alasaad

Soglia

Spalenza

et al. 2009

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Previous molecular studies of S. scabiei in animals and humans have utilized various gene targets, such as microsatellites, ITS-2 ribosomal DNA (rDNA), mitochondrial 12S/16S rRNA, and S. scabiei myosin heavy chain genes (41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

et al. 2015

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c Scabies remains the most prevalent, endemic, and neglected ectoparasitic infestation globally and can cause institutional outbreaks. The sensitivity of routine microscopy for demonstration of Sarcoptes scabiei mites or eggs in skin scrapings is only about 50%. Except for three studies using conventional or two-tube nested PCR on a small number of cases, no systematic study has been performed to improve the laboratory diagnosis of this important infection. We developed a conventional and a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of S. scabiei. The cox1 gene is relatively well conserved, with its sequence having no high levels of similarity to the sequences of other human skin mites, pathogenic zoonotic mites, or common house dust mite species. This mitochondrial gene is also present in large quantities in arthropod cells, potentially improving the sensitivity of a PCR-based assay. In our study, both assays were specific and were more sensitive than microscopy in diagnosing scabies, with positive and negative predictive values of 100%. The S. scabiei DNA copy number in the microscopy-positive specimens was significantly higher than that in the microscopy-negative specimens (median S. scabiei DNA copy number, 3.604 versus 2.457 log 10 copies per reaction; P ‫؍‬ 0.0213). In the patient with crusted scabies, the qPCR assay performed on lesional skin swabs instead of scrapings revealed that the parasite DNA load took about 2 weeks to become negative after treatment. The utility of using lesional skin swabs as an alternative sample for diagnosis of scabies by PCR should be further evaluated. Scabies remains a significant infectious problem worldwide and is a problem not merely in developing countries but also in the developed world. An estimated 300 million cases of scabies occur globally every year, with scabies having a particular association with young children, poor hygiene, homelessness, crowdedness, and poverty in the tropical and subtropical regions (1). The prevalence of scabies in some populations, such as Australian aborigines, can be as high as 25 to 50%, and the burden of disease and morbidity are further aggravated by complications with bacterial pyoderma, including that caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2, 3). In developed countries, scabies causes significant public health issues in vulnerable individuals, such as individuals at the extremes of ages and immunocompromised hosts. For example, an estimated incidence of 233 to 470 per 100,000 person-years was reported in a national study conducted from 1994 to 2003 in England (4). In addition, outbreaks readily occur in the community in schools, hospitals (including intensive care units), and other institutions (5-10). Among immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-infected individuals, organ transplant recipients, and patients on biologics or other immunosuppressive therapies, scabies can occur as an unrecognized complication with considerable delays in diagnosis and...

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“…prisons and long term care facilities. Scabies is a major public health problem in socially disadvantaged communities, such as those found in indigenous populations and in developing countries (1,2). Infestation occurs when the adult female mite burrows in the skin.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Serine Protease Homologous to House Dust Mite Group 3 Allergens from the Scabies Mite Sarcoptes scabiei

Beckham

Boyd

Reynolds

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, infests human skin, causing allergic reactions and facilitating bacterial infection by Streptococcus sp., with serious consequences such as rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. To identify a possible drug target or vaccine candidate protein, we searched for homologues of the group 3 allergen of house dust mites, which we subsequently identified in a cDNA library. The native protein, designated Sar s 3, was shown to be present in the mite gut and excreted in fecal pellets into mite burrows within the upper epidermis. The substrate specificity of proteolytically active recombinant rSar s 3 was elucidated by screening a bacteriophage library. A preference for substrates containing a RS(G/A) sequence at the P1-P2 positions was revealed. A series of peptides synthesized as internally quenched fluorescent substrates validated the phage display data and high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the preferred cleaved substrate and confirmed the predicted cleavage site. Searches of the human proteome using sequence data from the phage display allowed the in silico prediction of putative physiological substrates. Among these were numerous epidermal proteins, with filaggrin being a particularly likely candidate substrate. We showed that recombinant rSar s 3 cleaves human filaggrin in vitro and obtained immunohistological evidence that the filaggrin protein is ingested by the mite. This is the first report elucidating the substrate specificity of Sar s 3 and its potential role in scabies mite biology.

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Genetic epidemiology of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) in northern Australia

Cited by 124 publications

References 35 publications

Is ITS-2 rDNA suitable marker for genetic characterization of Sarcoptes mites from different wild animals in different geographic areas?

Is ITS-2 rDNA suitable marker for genetic characterization of Sarcoptes mites from different wild animals in different geographic areas?

Development of Conventional and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Scabies

Characterization of a Serine Protease Homologous to House Dust Mite Group 3 Allergens from the Scabies Mite Sarcoptes scabiei

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