Genetic Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Africa

Tekola‐Ayele, Fasil; Adeyemo, Adebowale; Rotimi, Charles N.

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.013

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Health disparities in chronic diseases such as cancer (Wallace, Martin, & Ambs, 2011), cardiovascular disease (Cambien & Tiret, 2007; Kathiresan & Srivastava, 2012), and diabetes are mediated by complex gene interactions (Tekola-Ayele, Adeyemo, & Rotimi, 2013; Zorka et al, 2013), which are changing the management of chronic disease in vulnerable populations. In the 10 years since the Human Genome Project was completed, rapid changes in genetic technology have resulted in substantial changes in the care of patients with these and other chronic diseases, which disproportionally affected racial and ethnic minority groups (Goldenberg et al, 2013; Wallace et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Ethnic Minority Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice of Genetics and Genomics

Coleman

Calzone

Jenkins

et al. 2014

J of Nursing Scholarship

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Purpose Exploratory studies establishing how well nurses have integrated genomics into practice have demonstrated there remains opportunity for education. However, little is known about educational gaps in multi-ethnic minority nurse populations. The purpose of this study was to determine minority nurses’ beliefs, practices, and competency in integrating genetics-genomics information into practice using an online survey tool. Design A cross-sectional survey with registered nurses (RNs) from the participating National Coalition of Ethnic Minority Organizations (NCEMNA). Two phases were used: Phase one had a sample of 27 nurses who determined the feasibility of an online approach to survey completion and need for tool revision. Phase two was a main survey with 389 participants who completed the revised survey. The survey ascertained the genomic knowledge, beliefs, and practice of a sample of multi-ethnic minority nurses who were members of associations comprising the NCEMNA. Methods The survey was administered online. Descriptive survey responses were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Categorical responses in which comparisons were analyzed used chi square tests. Findings About 40% of the respondents held a master’s degree (39%) and 42% worked in direct patient care. The majority of respondents (79%) reported that education in genomics was important. Ninety-five percent agreed or strongly agreed that family health history could identify at-risk families, 85% reported knowing how to complete a second- and third-generation family history, and 63% felt family history was important to nursing. Conversely, 50% of the respondents felt that their understanding of the genetics of common disease was fair or poor, supported by 54% incorrectly reporting they thought heart disease and diabetes are caused by a single gene variant. Only 30% reported taking a genetics course since licensure, and 94% reported interest in learning more about genomics. Eighty-four percent believed that their ethnic minority nurses’ organizations should have a visible role in genetics and genomics in their communities. Conclusions Most respondents felt genomics is important to integrate into practice but demonstrated knowledge deficits. There was strong interest in the need for continuing education and the role of the ethnic minority organizations in facilitating the continuing education efforts. This study provides evidence of the need for targeted genomic education to prepare ethnic minority nurses to better translate genetics and genomics into practice. Clinical Relevance Genomics is critical to the practice of all nurses, most especially family health history assessment and the genomics of common complex diseases. There is a great opportunity and interest to address the genetic-genomic knowledge deficits in the nursing workforce as a strategy to impact patient outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Ethnic Minority Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice of Genetics and Genomics

Coleman

Calzone

Jenkins

et al. 2014

J of Nursing Scholarship

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“…Despite the accumulated evidence supporting a role for the immune system and cytokine signaling in the development of obesity and depression, it is not fully understood how HFHF, metabolic imbalance, and inflammation interact in obese states during a response to chronic stress (Ogden et al, 2012; Tekola-Ayele et al, 2013; Gallus et al, 2014; Wu et al, 2014). Chronic inflammation is a key factor in depressive and obesity states (Miller and Raison, 2015; Ramirez and Sheridan, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic psychological stress and high-fat high-fructose diet disrupt metabolic and inflammatory gene networks in the brain, liver, and gut and promote behavioral deficits in mice

Rodrigues

Bekhbat

Houser

et al. 2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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The mechanisms underlying the association between chronic psychological stress, development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and behavioral impairment in obesity are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of mild chronic psychological stress on metabolic, inflammatory, and behavioral profiles in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. We hypothesized that (1) high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF) and psychological stress would synergize to mediate the impact of inflammation on the central nervous system in the presence of behavioral dysfunction, and that (2) HFHF and stress interactions would impact insulin and lipid metabolism. C57Bl/6 male mice underwent a combination of HFHF and two weeks of chronic psychological stress. MetS-related conditions were assessed using untargeted plasma metabolomics, and structural and immune changes in the gut and liver were evaluated. Inflammation was measured in plasma, liver, gut, and brain. Our results show a complex interplay of diet and stress on gut alterations, energetic homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and plasma insulin levels. Psychological stress and HFHF diet promoted changes in intestinal tight junctions proteins and increases in insulin resistance and plasma cholesterol, and impacted the RNA expression of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus. Stress promoted an adaptive anti-inflammatory profile in the hippocampus that was abolished by diet treatment. HFHF increased hippocampal and hepatic Lcn2 mRNA expression as well as LCN2 plasma levels. Behavioral changes were associated with HFHF and stress. Collectively, these results suggest that diet and stress as pervasive factors exacerbate MetS-related conditions through an inflammatory mechanism that ultimately can impact behavior. This rodent model may prove useful for identification of possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat metabolic syndrome and mood disorders.

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“…In a replication study of 1,775 unrelated Africans genotyped on the Affymetrix Axiom PanAFR SNP array, 38% of 106 known T2D GWAS loci showed transferability, and the majority of the loci that showed replication were fine mapped [66] . An extensive review of published genome-wide and candidate-gene studies of T2D in SSA has been published elsewhere [28] .…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A clustering of at least 3 of these metabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome [2] , is associated with increased risk of stroke by 2-to 3-fold, CHD by 3-to 4-fold [3] , and diabetes by 5-fold [4] . Other cardiometabolic risk factors include smoking [5,6] , physical inactivity [7][8][9] , urbanization [10][11][12] , sleep apnea [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] , western dietary pattern [20,21] , and genetics [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . Variation in lifestyle risk factors operate against a background of genetic susceptibility, to increase the risk of an individual to developing a cardiometabolic disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics of Cardiometabolic Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa

Adebamowo¹,

Tekola‐Ayele

Adeyemo

et al. 2017

Public Health Genomics

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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing a growing burden of cardiometabolic disorders, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, coronary heart disease, and stroke. The increasing trends are expected to accelerate as SSA continues to experience economic progress, population growth, and the shift from communicable to noncommunicable diseases. These complex disorders are caused by multiple, potentially interacting, environmental, and genetic factors. While considerable progress has been made in the identification of the sociocultural, demographic, and lifestyle risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders, many genetic factors that underlie individual susceptibility to these diseases remain largely unknown. Although progress in genomic technologies has allowed for systematic characterization of genome-wide genetic diversity in health and disease in European and Asian ancestry populations, conduct of genetic studies in SSA has been underwhelming until recently. Here, we summarize recent understanding of the body of knowledge and highlight research opportunities on the genomics of cardiometabolic disorders in SSA. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

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Genetic Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Africa

Cited by 34 publications

References 74 publications

Multi‐Ethnic Minority Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice of Genetics and Genomics

Multi‐Ethnic Minority Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice of Genetics and Genomics

Chronic psychological stress and high-fat high-fructose diet disrupt metabolic and inflammatory gene networks in the brain, liver, and gut and promote behavioral deficits in mice

Genomics of Cardiometabolic Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa

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