Genetic evaluation of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Matschie's tree Kangaroo (<i>Dendrolagus matschiei</i>) captive breeding program

McGreevy, Thomas J.; Dabek, Lisa; Husband, Thomas P.

doi:10.1002/zoo.20362

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…S5). Other studies of captive populations have found reduced (Forstmeier et al 2007;Muñoz-fuentes et al 2008;Shen et al 2009), and similar (Henry et al 2009;Nsubuga et al 2010;McGreevy et al 2011) nuclear genetic diversity to their wild counterparts. It is important to note that the maintenance of high genetic diversity in this ex-situ population is significant considering the considerable challenges that zoos have faced in breeding okapi in captivity (Gijzen and Smet 1974;Rabb 1978;Bodmer and Rabb 1992), a challenge that is not unique to okapi (Snyder et al 1996).…”

Section: Structure (mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Although genetic diversity may be similar between captive and wild populations, allele frequencies may be different, and captive populations may hence not be representative of the wild (Henry et al 2009;Nsubuga et al 2010;McGreevy et al 2011). This issue is clearly highlighted in the present study:…”

Section: Structure (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such analyses usually use DNA profiling with microsatellite markers to estimate standard measures of genetic diversity such as heterozygosity or allelic diversity (e.g. Forstmeier et al 2007; Shen et al 2009;Gonçalves da Silva et al 2010;McGreevy et al 2011), or relatedness (Santure et al 2010;Townsend and Jamieson 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used less frequently than microsatellite markers for informing captive breeding programs (Russello et al 2007;Benavides et al 2012). Also, analysis has usually been limited to measures of genetic diversity, rather than investigating geographic origin of founders or representation of wild alleles in captivity (Gautschi et al 2003;Muñoz-fuentes et al 2008;McGreevy et al 2009;Lesobre et al 2010;Khan et al 2011;McGreevy et al 2011). This bias towards the use of microsatellites is likely to be due to the fact that, for some species, mtDNA has been shown to feature low diversity in the wild and/or founding individuals, limiting its utility (Hedrick et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic structure of captive and free-ranging okapi (Okapia johnstoni) with implications for management

et al. 2015

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Breeding programs for endangered species increasingly use molecular genetics to inform their management strategies. Molecular approaches can be useful for investigating relatedness, resolving pedigree uncertainties, and for estimating genetic diversity in captive and wild populations. Genetic data can also be used to evaluate the representation of wild population genomes within captive population gene-pools. Maintaining a captive population that is genetically representative of its wild counterpart offers a means of conserving the original evolutionary potential of a species. Okapi, an even-toed ungulate, endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo, have recently been reclassified as Endangered by the IUCN. We carried out a genetic assessment of the ex-situ okapi (Okapia johnstoni) population, alongside an investigation into the genetic structure of wild populations across their geographic range. We found that while levels of nuclear (12 microsatellite loci) genetic variation in the wild, founder and captive okapi populations were similar, mitochondrial (833 bp of Cyt b, CR, tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Pro) variation within captive okapi was considerably reduced compared to the wild, with 16 % lower haplotype diversity. Further, both nuclear and mitochondrial alleles present in captivity provided only partial representation of those present in the wild. Thirty mitochondrial haplotypes found in the wild were not found in captivity, and two haplotypes found in captivity were not found in the wild, and the patterns of genetic variation at microsatellite loci in our captive samples were considerably different to those of the wild samples. Our study highlights the importance of genetic characterisation of captive populations, even for well-managed ex-situ breeding programs with detailed studbooks. We recommend that the captive US population should be further genetically characterised to guide management of translocations between European and US captive populations.

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Section: Structure (mentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Structure (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic structure of captive and free-ranging okapi (Okapia johnstoni) with implications for management

et al. 2015

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“…loss of rare alleles and lower genetic diversity), which reduces the genetic variation for selection to act upon [10], [11], and higher inbreeding. These changes may be particularly important for outcrossing species [12], [13], as they can significantly affect fitness, fertility, and offspring viability, as shown by studies of laboratory [14], captive [15], and wild [16] populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Genetic Diversity in a Potentially Vulnerable Tropical Tree Species Despite Extreme Habitat Loss

Noreen

Webb

2013

PLoS ONE

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Over the last 150 years, Singapore’s primary forest has been reduced to less than 0.2% of its previous area, resulting in extinctions of native flora and fauna. Remaining species may be threatened by genetic erosion and inbreeding. We surveyed >95% of the remaining primary forest in Singapore and used eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess genetic diversity indices of 179 adults (>30 cm stem diameter), 193 saplings (>1 yr), and 1,822 seedlings (<1 yr) of the canopy tree Koompassia malaccensis (Fabaceae). We tested hypotheses relevant to the genetic consequences of habitat loss: (1) that the K. malaccensis population in Singapore experienced a genetic bottleneck and a reduction in effective population size, and (2) K. malaccensis recruits would exhibit genetic erosion and inbreeding compared to adults. Contrary to expectations, we detected neither a population bottleneck nor a reduction in effective population size, and high genetic diversity in all age classes. Genetic diversity indices among age classes were not significantly different: we detected overall high expected heterozygosity (He = 0.843–0.854), high allelic richness (R = 16.7–19.5), low inbreeding co-efficients (FIS = 0.013–0.076), and a large proportion (30.1%) of rare alleles (i.e. frequency <1%). However, spatial genetic structure (SGS) analyses showed significant differences between the adults and the recruits. We detected significantly greater SGS intensity, as well as higher relatedness in the 0–10 m distance class, for seedlings and saplings compared to the adults. Demographic factors for this population (i.e. <200 adult trees) are a cause for concern, as rare alleles could be lost due to stochastic factors. The high outcrossing rate (tm = 0.961), calculated from seedlings, may be instrumental in maintaining genetic diversity and suggests that pollination by highly mobile bee species in the genus Apis may provide resilience to acute habitat loss.

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MitochondrialDNAanalysis reveals hidden genetic diversity in captive populations of the threatened American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in Colombia

Bloor

Ibáñez

Viloria‐Lagares

2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Identification of units within species worthy of separate management consideration is an important area within conservation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) surveys can potentially contribute to this by identifying phylogenetic and population structure below the species level. The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is broadly distributed throughout the Neotropics. Its numbers have been reduced severely with the species threatened throughout much of its distribution. In Colombia, the release of individuals from commercial captive populations has emerged as a possible conservation strategy that could contribute to species recovery. However, no studies have addressed levels of genetic differentiation or diversity within C. acutus in Colombia, thus complicating conservation and management decisions. Here, sequence variation was studied in mtDNA cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences in three Colombian captive populations of C. acutus. Two distinct lineages were identified: C. acutus-I, corresponding to haplotypes from Colombia and closely related Central American haplotypes; and C. acutus-II, corresponding to all remaining haplotypes from Colombia. Comparison with findings from other studies indicates the presence of a single “northern” lineage (corresponding to C. acutus-I) distributed from North America (southern Florida), through Central America and into northern South America. The absence of C. acutus-II haplotypes from North and Central America indicates that the C. acutus-II lineage probably represents a separate South American lineage. There appears to be sufficient divergence between lineages to suggest that they could represent two distinct evolutionary units. We suggest that this differentiation needs to be recognized for conservation purposes because it clearly contributes to the overall genetic diversity of the species. All Colombian captive populations included in this study contained a mixture of representatives of both lineages. As such, we recommend against the use of captive-bred individuals for conservation strategies until further genetic information is available.

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Genetic evaluation of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Matschie's tree Kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) captive breeding program

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Genetic structure of captive and free-ranging okapi (Okapia johnstoni) with implications for management

Genetic structure of captive and free-ranging okapi (Okapia johnstoni) with implications for management

High Genetic Diversity in a Potentially Vulnerable Tropical Tree Species Despite Extreme Habitat Loss

MitochondrialDNAanalysis reveals hidden genetic diversity in captive populations of the threatened American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in Colombia

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