Genetic evidence that Chinese chestnut cultivars in Japan are derived from two divergent genetic structures that originated in China

Nishio, Sogo; Ruan, Shuan; Sawamura, Yutaka; Terakami, Shingo; Takada, Norio; Takeuchi, Yukie; Saito, Toshihiro; Inoue, Eiich

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235354

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Interspecific hybridization of Malus has been inferred in the past 7 and confirmed by a recently conducted phylogenomic analysis of Malus hybridization 93 . The genotypes of symmetric hybrids are composed of half of each putative parent genotype 94 and share similar structural patterns with the cultivar cluster identified in this study (Fig. 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Genetic structure and geneflow of Malus across the Korean Peninsula using genotyping-by-sequencing

Gil

Kim

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This study was to understand the genetic structure and diversity of the Korean Malus species. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology to analyze samples of 112 individuals belonging to 18 populations of wild Malus spp. Using GBS, we identified thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the species analyzed. M. baccata and M. toringo, two dominant mainland species of the Korean Peninsula, were distinguishable based on their genetic structure. However, M. toringo collected from Jeju Island exhibited a different genetic profile than that from the mainland. We identified M. cf. micromalus as a hybrid resulting from the Jeju Island M. toringo (pollen donor) and the mainland M. baccata, (pollen recipient). Putative M. mandshurica distributed on the Korean Peninsula showed a high structural and genetic similarity with M. baccata, indicating that it might be an ecotype. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the population history and genetic structure of Malus in the Korean Peninsula.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Genetic structure and geneflow of Malus across the Korean Peninsula using genotyping-by-sequencing

Gil

Kim

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The Chinese chestnut cultivars had small NW values, while the Japanese ones were generally large and varied widely. Additionally, the Japanese-Chinese hybrids showed intermediate results, as reported by Nishio et al (2020).…”

Section: Genetic Differences In Nw Among 27 Cultivars/selections With...supporting

confidence: 50%

“…The 27 cultivars/selections used in Expt. 2 mainly consisted of Japanese chestnuts (Table 1), but also included some Japanese-Chinese hybrids ('Hayashi 1', 'Hayashi 2', 'Mikuri', 'Riheiguri', 'Shuhou', and 92-01) and Chinese chestnuts ('Beijing 8070', 'Houji 360', and 92-02; Nishio et al, 2020). No tree replication was used because of the negligible tree effect within genotype estimated in Expt.1.…”

Section: Genetic Differences In Nw Among 27 Cultivars/selections With...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Variance and Genetic Differences in Nut Weight for Chestnut Breeding

2022

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Large nut weight (NW) is an important target in chestnut breeding. The present study was conducted at the Nakatsugawa branch of the Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Agricultural Technology, an important chestnut breeding site in Japan. We estimated the environmental variance components for NW by using nine cultivars/selections with three single-tree replicates for six years. The number of nuts evaluated for each tree was mostly over 100 nuts, with an average of 440 nuts. Subsequently, the dataset of average NW values for each tree was log-transformed and analyzed by ANOVA. The effects of genotype, year, and the genotype × year interactions were highly significant, whereas the tree effect was negligible. The resulting environmental variance components for the log-transformed values were as follows: variance among years = 5.2 × 10 −4 , variance among trees within genotype = 0, variance associated with the genotype × year interactions = 7.6 × 10 −4 , and residual variance = 11.2 × 10 −4 . The results suggest that tree replication is not necessary to evaluate the genotypic value of cultivars/selections or offspring in breeding and that year effect adjustment and yearly repeated measurements can effectively reduce environmental variance. The NW of 27 cultivars/ selections with potential as cross-parents was also estimated with no tree replications and via measurements repeated for three years; the results ranged from 10.7 to 47.4 g, with high broad-sense heritability (0.93) based on a three-year evaluation for the log-transformed data. Based on the environmental variance estimates, the cultivars/selections used in chestnut breeding with NW above 22.3 and 26.7 g should be selected by evaluating one tree for three years at 95% probability and selecting those having nuts of 25 and 30 g or more, respectively.

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“…S2). In a previous study, HAP2 was also identified in Korean cultivar 'Pochun B-1′ 43 . As the Korean peninsula is located not far north of Kyushu island, it may be possible that wild chestnuts in Korea have a genetic structure similar to those on Kyushu island.…”

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confidence: 84%

Genetic structure analysis of cultivated and wild chestnut populations reveals gene flow from cultivars to natural stands

Nishio

Takada

Terakami

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.), the only fruit tree species domesticated in Japan, has been cultivated alongside natural stands since prehistorical times. Understanding the genetic diversity of this species and the relationships between cultivated and wild chestnut is important for clarifying its breeding history and determining conservation strategies. We assessed 3 chestnut cultivar populations and 29 wild chestnut populations (618 accessions). Genetic distance analysis revealed that wild populations in the Kyushu region are genetically distant from other populations, whereas other wild and cultivar populations are comparatively similar. Assignment tests suggested that cultivars were relatively similar to populations from central to western Honshu. Bayesian structure analyses showed that wild individuals were roughly classified according to geographical distribution along the Japanese archipelago, except that some wild individuals carried the genetic cluster prevalent in cultivars. Parentage analyses between cultivars and wild individuals identified 26 wild individuals presumed to have a parent–offspring relationship with a cultivar. These results suggested that the genetic structure of some wild individuals in natural stands was influenced by gene flow from cultivars. To conserve wild individuals carrying true “wild” genetic clusters, these individuals should be collected and preserved by ex situ conservation programs.

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Genetic evidence that Chinese chestnut cultivars in Japan are derived from two divergent genetic structures that originated in China

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic structure and geneflow of Malus across the Korean Peninsula using genotyping-by-sequencing

Genetic structure and geneflow of Malus across the Korean Peninsula using genotyping-by-sequencing

Environmental Variance and Genetic Differences in Nut Weight for Chestnut Breeding

Genetic structure analysis of cultivated and wild chestnut populations reveals gene flow from cultivars to natural stands

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