“…In the model-free control strategies, proportional-integral-differential (PID) control has serious hysteresis that is unbeneficial to the stability of the system (Gao, 2006a). Adaptive control (Na et al , 2013), neural networks (NNS) (Fukuda and Shibata, 1992), fuzzy systems (Lee et al , 2011) and their combination (Abbasimoshaei et al , 2020; Abbasi Moshaii et al , 2019) have heavy computational burden; hence, they are not suitable for real-time control (Na et al , 2013; Wang et al , 2019; Lin and Wai, 2001). To reduce the response time and the computational burden, Extended-State-Observer (ESO) was first proposed as the core of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) (Han, 2009).…”