Genetic Heterogeneity of Genotypes of Sorghum under Different Ferrous Concentrations

Abstract

A study was conducted of five genotypes of white corn (J, Giza, Inqaz, Rabeh, Li) in gypsum soil. The effect of foliar feeding with three levels of iron (0, 75 and 150) mg L was used (ferrous sulphate) on the growth of white corn at the plant. Research for the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit, for the fall season 2022 AD, with a sandy texture. As for the design type, random complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications, and each replicate contains (15) experimental units, each experimental unit contains four lines, the distance between one line and another is 60 cm, and between one line and another is 20 cm, to study growth characteristics. The Li variety excelled in the number of grains per head, head weight, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield per plant, total grain yield, harvest index, and the percentage of iron in the seeds, which amounted to (2316.0 seeds, 112.55 grams, 29.45 grams, 64.08 grams, 6.01 tons, 44.21%, and 67.75 mg Fe / kg), while the biological yield was superior to the J variety, which reached (12.93 tons). The percentage of protein was higher than the Giza variety, reaching (6.73%). As for fertilizer additions, (Fe2) was superior and gave the highest averages in traits, number of grains per head, head weight, weight of1000 grains, grain yield per plant, total grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, percentage of iron in seeds, andpercentage of protein, as it reached 2361.0 grains, 107.80 g, and 27. 43g, 64.67g, 5.33t, 12.20 tons, 44.26%, 72.75 mg Fe/kg, and 6.59%, respectively. The combination (Li + fertilizer additives (Fe2) was characterized by giving the highest averages in the characteristics of number of grains per head, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield per plant, grain yield, harvest index, and percentage of iron in seeds. The biological yield was outperformed by class J + additives Fertilizer (Fe1) and the characteristic of the percentage of protein was superior to the variety Giza + fertilizer additives (Fe2). The genetic variance contributed more than the environmental variance to all fertilizer additions (Fe2) and their quantitative characteristics, which was reflected in the degree of heritability in the broad sense, in addition to that the coefficient of genetic, environmental and phenotypic variation and the expected genetic improvement as a percentage was average for most of the traits under study.