Genetic imaging consortium for addiction medicine

Mackey, Scott; Kan, Kees Jan; Chaarani, Bader; Alia‐Klein, Nelly; Batalla, Albert; Brooks, Samantha J.; Cousijn, Janna; Dagher, Alain; Ruiter, Michiel de; Desrivières, Sylvane; Ewing, Sarah W. Feldstein; Goldstein, Rita Z.; Goudriaan, Anna E.; Heitzeg, Mary M.; Hutchison, Kent E.; Li, Chiang‐Shan R.; London, Edythe D.; Lorenzetti, Valentina; Luijten, Maartje; Martín‐Santos, Rocío; Morales, Angelica M.; Paulus, Martin P.; Paus, Tomáš; Pearlson, Godfrey D.; Schluter, Renée S.; Momenan, Reza; Schmaal, Lianne; Schumann, Gunter; Sinha, Rajita; Sjoerds, Zsuzsika; Stein, Dan J.; Stein, Elliot A.; Solowij, Nadia; Tapert, Susan F.; Uhlmann, Anne; Veltman, Dick J.; Holst, Ruth J. van; Walter, Henrik; Wright, Margaret J.; Yücel, Murat; Yurgelun‐Todd, Deborah; Hibar, Derrek P.; Jahanshad, Neda; Thompson, Paul M.; Glahn, David C.; Garavan, Hugh; Conrod, Patricia J.

doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.026

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The increasing potency of cannabis, rates of treatment-seeking users, and availability of cannabis products due to recent decriminalization policies warrant the identification of vulnerability factors within cannabis users for adverse neurobiological outcomes, such that targeted prevention and intervention strategies may be developed. We warrant the examination of large-scale adult and adolescent samples from existing consortia collating genetic, neural, and behavioral data (ENIGMA Addiction 86 and IMAGEN ) 87 to study the role of additional genetic polymorphisms (e.g., CNR1) and nongenetic factors on neuroanatomy (e.g., mental health, socioeconomic status, comorbid substance use, and cannabinoid compounds), and psychosocial outcomes in cannabis users, and to ultimately minimize cannabis-related harms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of DAT1, COMT, and BDNF Genetic Polymorphisms on Total and Subregional Hippocampal Volumes in Early Onset Heavy Cannabis Users

Batalla

Lorenzetti

Chye

et al. 2018

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

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Introduction: Hippocampal neuroanatomy is affected by genetic variations in dopaminergic candidate genes and environmental insults, such as early onset of chronic cannabis exposure. Here, we examine how hippocampal total and subregional volumes are affected by cannabis use and functional polymorphisms of dopamine-relevant genes, including the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine transporter (DAT1), and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes.Material and Methods: We manually traced total hippocampal volumes and automatically segmented hippocampal subregions using high-resolution MRI images, and performed COMT, DAT1, and BDNF genotyping in 59 male Caucasian young adults aged 18–30 years. These included 30 chronic cannabis users with early-onset (regular use at <16 years) and 29 age-, education-, and intelligence-matched controls.Results: Cannabis use and dopaminergic gene polymorphism had both distinct and interactive effects on the hippocampus. We found emerging alterations of hippocampal total and specific subregional volumes in cannabis users relative to controls (i.e., CA1, CA2/3, and CA4), and associations between cannabis use levels and total and specific subregional volumes. Furthermore, total hippocampal volume and the fissure subregion were affected by cannabis×DAT1 polymorphism (i.e., 9/9R and in 10/10R alleles), reflecting high and low levels of dopamine availability.Conclusion: These findings suggest that cannabis exposure alters the normal relationship between DAT1 polymorphism and the anatomy of total and subregional hippocampal volumes, and that specific hippocampal subregions may be particularly affected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of DAT1, COMT, and BDNF Genetic Polymorphisms on Total and Subregional Hippocampal Volumes in Early Onset Heavy Cannabis Users

Batalla

Lorenzetti

Chye

et al. 2018

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

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“…The ENIGMA-Addictions/SUDs WG has 33 participating sites, contributing MRI data from 12,347 individuals of whom 2277 are adult patients with SUD relating to one of five substances (alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, or cannabis) 5,84,85 . In these data, Mackey 5 observed lower cortical thickness/subcortical volume in cases relative to controls in regions that play key roles in evaluating reward (MOFC, amygdala), task monitoring (superior frontal cortex), attention (superior parietal cortex, posterior cingulate) and perception/regulation of internal body states (insula).…”

Section: Enigma-addictions/sudmentioning

confidence: 99%

ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

Thompson¹,

Jahanshad²,

Ching³

et al. 2020

Transl Psychiatry

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468

254

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This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.

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“…These considerations along with the modern developed multidisciplinary investigation methods, such as genetic imaging, would be a suitable approach to complement other cellular, molecular, and genetic approaches (Mackey et al, 2016).…”

Section: Precision Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Glioma Migration Through the Corpus Callosum and the Brainstem Detected by Diffusion and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Initial Findings

Sharifi

Pajavand

Nateghinia

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Purpose: Glioma cell infiltration, in which the glioma tumor cells spread long distances from the primary location using white matter (WM) or blood vessels, is known as a significant challenge for surgery or localized chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Following the World Health Organization (WHO), the glioma grading system ranges from stages I to IV, in which lower-grade gliomas represent benign tumors, and higher grade gliomas are considered the most malignant. Materials and Methods: We gathered magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for seven patients with right precentral gyrus-located tumors and six age-and sex-matched healthy subjects for analysis. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) was utilized to evaluate whole-brain WM implication due to probable tumor infiltration. Also, along-tract statistics were used in order to trace the implicated WM tracts. Finally, for cortical evaluation of probable tumor cell migration, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was utilized, which allowed us to do whole-brain cortical estimation. Results: The TBSS results revealed significantly higher fractional anisotropy (FA) and lower mean diffusivity (MD) in the left side superior corona radiata. Also, higher FA was observed in the right corticostriatal tract. Along-tract statistics were also compiled on the corpus callosum (CC), which is anatomically known as a hub between hemispheres. The body of the CC, which connected with the superior corona radiata anatomically, showed significantly higher FA values relative to healthy subjects, which are in line with the TBSS results. Consistent with these results, whole-brain gray matter changes were analyzed via VBM, which showed significant hypertrophy of both sides of the brainstem. Conclusion: In future investigations, focusing on the genetic basis of the glioma patients in line with imaging studies on a larger sample size, which is known as genetics imaging, would be a suitable approach for tracing this process.

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Genetic imaging consortium for addiction medicine

Cited by 22 publications

References 74 publications

The Influence of DAT1, COMT, and BDNF Genetic Polymorphisms on Total and Subregional Hippocampal Volumes in Early Onset Heavy Cannabis Users

The Influence of DAT1, COMT, and BDNF Genetic Polymorphisms on Total and Subregional Hippocampal Volumes in Early Onset Heavy Cannabis Users

ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

Glioma Migration Through the Corpus Callosum and the Brainstem Detected by Diffusion and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Initial Findings

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