Genetic Improvement of Calendula officinal through Mutation Induction using Gamma Irradiation and Chemical Mutagens

Elmenbawy, Eman Ahmed; Fahmy, Eman M.; Elateek, Sawsan Y.; Awad, Nahla A.

doi:10.21608/ajs.2020.24242.1171

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The comparison of the chlorophyll mutations by type generally indicated that the mutation rate was enhanced with an increase in the concentration and exposure duration; however, the frequency of chlorophyll-deficient foliar mutants was higher in the M 1 population than in M 2 . All identified types of chlorophyll mutants among the crops are directly related to mutations in chloroplast biosynthesis, the further degradation of chlorophyll, and bleaching due to the deficiency of carotenoids and may be associated with their preferential action on chlorophyll development genes [49][50][51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Morphological Traits and Molecular Diversity of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Affected by Various Colchicine Treatments

Zeinullina,

Zargar,

Dyussibayeva

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Colchicine is a substance used to induce mutations in order to regulate important agronomic traits. The genotypes Pavlodarskoe 4, Quartet, and PI 289324, originating from Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and Hungary, respectively, were used as materials. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different colchicine concentrations (0.0, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1%) and treatment times (6, 12, and 24 h) on the agronomic traits of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and to assess the genetic diversity of the M2 generation using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The experiment was conducted in 2021 for the M1 generation and in 2022 for the M2 generation, from May to September. The percentage of field germination decreased with increasing colchicine concentrations and exposure durations. The mean field germination percentages were 48.57% in Pavlodarskoe 4, 43.28% in Quartet, and 53.14% in PI 289324 under colchicine treatment. Chlorophyll-defective M1-M2 plants were obtained using various colchicine concentrations and exposure periods. The highest number of mutational modifications was attained with the 0.08–0.1% concentrations of colchicine. Based on the research results, a total of 248 plants with chlorophyll-defective mutations were selected from 2214 plants. The growing seasons of M1 and M2 plants were shortened by higher colchicine concentrations (0.08–0.1%) combined with soaking times of 12 and 24 h. Thus, the longest growing season (84 days) was observed with a 6 h treatment time for PI 289324, while the shortest (78 days) was recorded for 12 and 24 h treatments. The possibility of obtaining morphological mutations using colchicine has been confirmed. The ISSR primers amplified a total of 1333 fragments; 1281 bands were found to be polymorphic, and 52 bands were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism varied from 80 to 100%, with an average of 96.11%. Most of the different allelic bands were detected when applying the 0.08% colchicine concentration. These positive variations are a great opportunity to use colchicine as a tool for improving agronomic traits in plant breeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Morphological Traits and Molecular Diversity of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Affected by Various Colchicine Treatments

Zeinullina,

Zargar,

Dyussibayeva

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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“…It has previously been shown that artificial polyploidy can increase the concentration of secondary metabolites in plants [ 15 , 70 ]. Moreover, a positive correlation has been reported between the total amount of genomic DNA and the content of secondary metabolites in medicinal raw materials [ 15 , 60 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Morphological and Cytogenetic Characterization of Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid Plants of Polemonium caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae)

Samatadze

Yurkevich

Хазиева

et al. 2022

Plants

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Polemonium caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae) is a valuable medicinal herb with a wide spectrum of biological activities. Under natural conditions, the productivity of this species is rather low. In this study, colchicine-induced tetraploid plants (2n = 4x = 36) of P. caeruleum were obtained, and for the first time, their morphological and cytogenetic characterization was performed. In the tetraploid plants, raw material productivity and also the content of triterpene saponins were significantly higher than in the control diploids. The analysis of chromosome behavior at meiosis and FISH chromosome mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA generally demonstrated stability of both genomes in the tetraploid plants. Based on chromosome morphology and distribution patterns of the studied molecular cytogenetic markers, all chromosome pairs in karyotypes were identified, and chromosome karyograms and idiograms of P. caeruleum were constructed. The revealed specific microdiagnostic characteristics of P. caeruleum (strongly sinuous cells and anomocytic stomata of the leaf epidermis, and also glandular hairs along the veins) could be useful for raw material identification. In the obtained tetraploids, the predominance of large stomata on the lower leaf epidermis was determined. The studied tetraploids can be used in various breeding programs to obtain high-quality pharmaceutical raw materials of P. caeruleum.

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Mutation Work on Other Ornamental Plants

Datta

2023

Role of Mutation Breeding in Floriculture Industry

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Genetic Improvement of Calendula officinal through Mutation Induction using Gamma Irradiation and Chemical Mutagens

Cited by 4 publications

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Agro-Morphological Traits and Molecular Diversity of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Affected by Various Colchicine Treatments

Agro-Morphological Traits and Molecular Diversity of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Affected by Various Colchicine Treatments

Agro-Morphological and Cytogenetic Characterization of Colchicine-Induced Tetraploid Plants of Polemonium caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae)

Mutation Work on Other Ornamental Plants

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