Genetic improvement of disease resistance in fish: an overview

Fjalestad, Kjersti Turid; Gjedrem, Trygve; Gjerde, Bjarne

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90025-t

Cited by 125 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Looking into the existence of heritability transmission of innate resistance against infection [257][258][259] and maternal transfer of immunity to offsprings, the mass mortality in the early phase of life can be prevented. This concept can further be explored for reducing mortalities at larval/post larval stages by adopting the variation in disease resistance and immune status among the families as criteria for selective breeding programmes and/or large scale brood stock immunization programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of maternally derived immunity in fish

Swain

Nayak

2009

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

160

118

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of maternally derived immunity in fish

Swain

Nayak

2009

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

160

118

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“…Therefore, broodstock selection for production traits in hatcheries may counteract the selection for increased aggression under hatchery conditions. Hatchery broodstocks are also selected for other traits such as high age at sexual maturity Gjedrem, 2000), disease resistance (Fjaelestad et al, 1993;Gjøen et al, 1997), feeding efficiency (Kolstad et al, 2004), and low percentage of sexually mature male parr (Wild et al, 1994), which distinguish farmed salmon from their wild origin with effects on their life history and survival when released into nature (Jonasson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Genetic Divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cultured Atlantic salmon in nature: a review of their ecology and interaction with wild fish

Jönsson

2006

ICES Journal of Marine Science

240

190

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N. 2006. Cultured Atlantic salmon in nature: a review of their ecology and interaction with wild fish. e ICES Journal of Marine Science, 63: 1162e1181.When cultured Atlantic salmon are released into nature, they compete with wild fish for food, space, and breeding partners. As a result of morphological, physiological, ecological, and behavioural changes that occur in hatcheries, their comp etitive ability often differs from that of wild fish. These changes are partly phenotypic and partly genetic. Cultured juveniles' faster growth rate influences age and size at smolting and maturity, reproductive output, and longevity. Fast-growing parr tend to smolt younger, produce more but smaller eggs, attain maturity earlier, and die younger. Juvenile learning influences a number of behavioural traits, and differences in early experience appear to affect feeding and spawning success, migratory behaviour, and homing ability. Genetic change in hatcheries is chiefly the result of natural selection, with differential mortality among genotypes and broodstock selection based on production traits such as high adult body mass and fast growth rate. Experimental evidence has revealed that cultured parr's greater aggression often allows them to dominate wild parr, although smaller cultured parr can be subordinated if they co-occur in fast-flowing water and if wild smolts have established prior residence. During spawning, the fitness of wild salmon is superior to that of cultured conspecifics. Cultured males are inferior to wild males in intra-sexual competition, courting, and spawning; cultured females have greater egg retention, construct fewer nests, and are less efficient at covering their eggs in the substratum than their wild counterparts. In rivers, the early survival of cultured offspring is lower than that of their wild counterparts. The lifetime reproductive success of farmed fish has been estimated at 17% that of similar-sized wild salmon. As a result of ecological interaction and through density-dependent mechanisms, cultured fish may displace wild conspecifics to some extent, increase their mortality, and decrease their growth rate, adult size, reproductive output, biomass, and production.

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“…Furthermore, since aquaculture is a general term for culturing numerous species using different rearing methods across different conditions and geographic areas, it suffers from numerous diseases that emerge and outbreak according to these same variables (Walker and Winton, 2010; Lafferty et al, 2015). Since measures to prevent and control disease outbreaks are more limited for fish than for land farm animals, disease resistance, as a sustainable solution to this problem, is highly sought for (Chevassus and Dorson, 1990; Fjalestad et al, 1993; Stear et al, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Genetics of Resistance to CyHV-3 Disease Using Introgression from Feral to Cultured Common Carp Strains

et al. 2017

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Sustainability and further development of aquaculture production are constantly challenged by outbreaks of fish diseases, which are difficult to prevent or control. Developing fish strains that are genetically resistant to a disease is a cost-effective and a sustainable solution to address this challenge. To do so, heritable genetic variation in disease resistance should be identified and combined together with other desirable production traits. Aquaculture of common carp has suffered substantial losses from the infectious disease caused by the cyprinid herpes virus type 3 (CyHV-3) virus and the global spread of outbreaks indicates that many cultured strains are susceptible. In this research, CyHV-3 resistance from the feral strain “Amur Sassan” was successfully introgressed into two susceptible cultured strains up to the first backcross (BC1) generation. Variation in resistance of families from F1 and BC1 generations was significantly greater compared to that among families of any of the susceptible parental lines, a good starting point for a family selection program. Considerable additive genetic variation was found for CyHV-3 resistance. This phenotype was transferable between generations with contributions to resistance from both the resistant feral and the susceptible cultured strains. Reduced scale coverage (mirror phenotype) is desirable and common in cultured strains, but so far, cultured mirror carp strains were found to be susceptible. Here, using BC1 families ranging from susceptible to resistant, no differences in resistance levels between fully scaled and mirror full-sib groups were found, indicating that CyHV-3 resistance was successfully combined with the desirable mirror phenotype. In addition, the CyHV-3 viral load in tissues throughout the infection of susceptible and resistant fish was followed. Although resistant fish get infected, viral loads in tissues of these fish are significantly lesser than in those of susceptible fish, allowing them to survive the disease. Taken together, in this study we have laid the foundation for breeding CyHV-3-resistant strains and started to address the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic differences in resistance to this disease.

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Genetic improvement of disease resistance in fish: an overview

Cited by 125 publications

References 38 publications

Role of maternally derived immunity in fish

Role of maternally derived immunity in fish

Cultured Atlantic salmon in nature: a review of their ecology and interaction with wild fish

Studying the Genetics of Resistance to CyHV-3 Disease Using Introgression from Feral to Cultured Common Carp Strains

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