Genetic Improvement of the Pee Dee Cotton Germplasm Collection following Seventy Years of Plant Breeding

Campbell, B. Todd; Chee, Peng W.; Lubbers, Edward L.; Bowman, Daryl T.; Meredith, William; Johnson, J. W.; Fraser, D. E.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2010.09.0545

Cited by 66 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The nonlinear relationship between LY of cultivars and the year of release was also seen in other studies (Bayles et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2013). However, consistent with most previous studies (Bridge et al, 1971;Hoskinson and Stewart, 1977;Bridge and Meredith, 1983;Moser and Percy, 1999;Campbell et al, 2011), the present study shows that the improvement in LY is accompanied by an increase in LP and MIC and a decrease in BW and SI in the Acala 1517 breeding program since the 1920s. However, consistent with most previous studies (Bridge et al, 1971;Hoskinson and Stewart, 1977;Bridge and Meredith, 1983;Moser and Percy, 1999;Campbell et al, 2011), the present study shows that the improvement in LY is accompanied by an increase in LP and MIC and a decrease in BW and SI in the Acala 1517 breeding program since the 1920s.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Because LP is the lint weight divided by the BW (lint weight + seed weight), high MIC (equivalent to fiber weight per unit length of fiber) contributes to high LP, assuming that the total combined fiber length remains constant. This has been the case in several studies (Wells and Meredith, 1984a, 1984b, 1984cMeredith and Wells, 1989;Moser and Percy, 1999;Campbell et al, 2011Campbell et al, , 2012 and should be the case for the Acala 1517 breeding program. The reduced BW over time would contribute negatively to the genetic gain in yield, which would have to be compensated by an improvement in harvested bolls per hectare, since LY is the Table 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Genetic Gains of Acala 1517 Cotton since 1926

Zhang

Abdelraheem

Flynn³

2019

Crop Science

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Acala‐type cottons (Gossypium hirsutum L.) released from New Mexico have contributed significantly to the development of commercial upland cultivars in the United States. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic gain in the breeding program between 1926 and 2000 through a combined analysis of field data on representative Acala cultivars from New Mexico and California obtained in multiple tests over years. From 1926 (‘Acala Original’) to 2000 (‘Acala 1517‐99’), the overall lint yield improvement was estimated at 3.2 kg ha−1 yr−1 but was 6.4 kg ha−1 yr−1 in 1926 to 1970 and 10.2 kg ha−1 yr−1 in 1975 to 2000. The yield improvement was accompanied by an increase in lint percentage (from 37 to 40%), fiber strength (from 270 to 300 kN m−1 kg−1), and micronaire, but with reduced boll weight. Although there was an upward trend for fiber length and uniformity and a downward trend for short fiber content, the three traits remain stable. Comparing eight New Mexico Acala 1517 cultivars with nine California Acala cultivars bred during the same period (late 1930s to the 1970s), the former, as a group, had longer and stronger fibers but slightly lower lint percentage and elongation. The Acala 1517 cotton cultivars provide an excellent source of parental lines for developing cotton cultivars with enhanced fiber quality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Genetic Gains of Acala 1517 Cotton since 1926

Zhang

Abdelraheem

Flynn³

2019

Crop Science

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“…Cotton and many other neopolyploid crops are genetically depauperate and occasional crosses with exotic or synthetic polyploids for crop improvement may be prone to bursts of transposition, DSBs, and conversion. A fascinating area for further study is whether occasional "successes" in extracting valuable alleles from exotic germplasm (e.g., Campbell et al 2011) might have occurred by gene conversion rather than crossing over. Introgression by gene conversion might solve the widespread challenge of extracting desirable alleles from exotic germplasm while leaving behind nearby undesirable ones, i.e., with the precision of transformation but by a natural noninvasive means.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive and Biased Intergenomic Nonreciprocal DNA Exchanges Shaped a Nascent Polyploid Genome, Gossypium (Cotton)

et al. 2014

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Genome duplication is thought to be central to the evolution of morphological complexity, and some polyploids enjoy a variety of capabilities that transgress those of their diploid progenitors. Comparison of genomic sequences from several tetraploid (A t D t ) Gossypium species and genotypes with putative diploid A-and D-genome progenitor species revealed that unidirectional DNA exchanges between homeologous chromosomes were the predominant mechanism responsible for allelic differences between the Gossypium tetraploids and their diploid progenitors. Homeologous gene conversion events (HeGCEs) gradually subsided, declining to rates similar to random mutation during radiation of the polyploid into multiple clades and species. Despite occurring in a common nucleus, preservation of HeGCE is asymmetric in the two tetraploid subgenomes. A t -to-D t conversion is far more abundant than the reciprocal, is enriched in heterochromatin, is highly correlated with GC content and transposon distribution, and may silence abundant A-genome-derived retrotransposons. D t -to-A t conversion is abundant in euchromatin and genes, frequently reversing losses of gene function. The long-standing observation that the nonspinnable-fibered D-genome contributes to the superior yield and quality of tetraploid cotton fibers may be explained by accelerated D t to A t conversion during cotton domestication and improvement, increasing dosage of alleles from the spinnable-fibered A-genome. HeGCE may provide an alternative to (rare) reciprocal DNA exchanges between chromosomes in heterochromatin, where genes have approximately five times greater abundance of D t -to-A t conversion than does adjacent intergenic DNA. Spanning exon-to-gene-sized regions, HeGCE is a natural noninvasive means of gene transfer with the precision of transformation, potentially important in genetic improvement of many crop plants.G ENOME duplication is a potentially rich source of genes with new (Stephens 1951;Ohno 1970) or modified functions (Lynch and Conery 2000), and is thought to be central to the evolution of morphological complexity (Freeling and Thomas 2006). Genome doubling may confer advantages to a polyploid (Comai 2005), via mechanisms such as increased gene dosage, "intergenomic heterosis" conferred by multiple alleles in a polyploid nucleus, or the evolution of novel gene functions (neofunctionalization) (Stephens 1951;Ohno 1970). Over time, duplicated genes may evolve subdivisions of ancestral functions (subfunctionalization) (Lynch and Force 2000) that render them interdependent. Subfunctionalization may sometimes lead to neofunctionalization (He and Zhang 2005).Polyploids have been suggested to enjoy a variety of capabilities that transgress those of their diploid progenitors. For example, the notion that polyploids may adapt better (Paterson et al. 2010) provides "natural replicates" for a variety of investigations. Study of the genes from three rounds of ancient whole genome duplications in Arabidopsis reveals a short phase of function relaxa...

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“…The large influence of genotype on length was noted previously by Campbell and Jones (2005), Campbell et al (2011), andMeredith (2003), but these analyses were not focused solely on commercial germplasm. Neither Campbell and Jones (2005), Campbell et al (2011), nor Meredith (2003 noted a large influence of genotype on micronaire.…”

Section: Genotypic and Environmental Impacts Noted From Four Cultivarmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality in the Mid‐South

et al. 2019

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307 RESEARCHC otton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar selection is becoming more challenging. Shortened cultivar lifespans, the introduction of new herbicidal and insecticidal traits, ever-developing resistance of weeds and insects to pesticides, and the increasing importance of cultivar resistance to diseases are only a few of the many factors that now influence cultivar selection. However, potential and stability of lint yield and fiber quality parameters remain the most important factors in maximizing returns and minimizing risks. Seed cotton yield, the percentage of seed cotton that is lint (referred to as lint percentage), and quality of the fiber determine the monetary value of the crop. Bradow and Davidonis (2009) defined cotton buyers' ideal cotton fiber to be as "white as snow; strong as steel; fine as silk; long as wool; cheap ABSTRACT Producers need to know the contributions of genotype, environment, and their interaction (G´E) in determining cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yield, lint percentage, and fiber quality. The recent introduction of longer upper half mean length (UHML) fiber, lower micronaire cultivars may alter previously defined contributions. The objectives of this research were to define the genotype, environment, and G´E contributions to lint yield, lint percentage, and fiber quality from common cultivars evaluated within the US Mid-South and define shifts in these contributions caused by the introduction of a longer UHML, lower micronaire cultivar. Data from 102 large-plot trials within Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee were compiled from the 2015 and 2016 seasons; 85 site-years contained three common cultivars, and 69 contained four common cultivars. Analysis of three common cultivars within the 69-site-year dataset indicated environment dominated factors of lint yield (85.8%), lint percentage (88.5%), micronaire (70.9%), length (70.5%), and uniformity (70.4%). Large increases in the contribution of genotype to micronaire (26.0%) and length (37.6%) were observed when the lower micronaire, longer UHML cultivar was included. The relatively minor role of cultivar in determining lint yield and the substantial role of cultivar in determining micronaire and length suggest that producers within the Mid-South should begin to place more importance on fiber quality data when selecting cultivars.

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Genetic Improvement of the Pee Dee Cotton Germplasm Collection following Seventy Years of Plant Breeding

Cited by 66 publications

References 40 publications

Genetic Gains of Acala 1517 Cotton since 1926

Genetic Gains of Acala 1517 Cotton since 1926

Extensive and Biased Intergenomic Nonreciprocal DNA Exchanges Shaped a Nascent Polyploid Genome, Gossypium (Cotton)

Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality in the Mid‐South

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