Genetic influence on language delay in two-year-old children

Dale, Philip S.; Simonoff, Emily; Bishop, Dorothy V. M.; Eley, Thalia C.; Oliver, Bonamy R.; Price, Thomas S.; Purcell, Shaun; Stevenson, Jim; Plomin, Robert

doi:10.1038/1142

Cited by 240 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Scores for all children were then compared to the appropriate norms (Fenson et al, 1993); scores falling at or below the 5th percentile were deemed to represent a clinically significant language delay (e.g., Dale et al, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Vocal-Motor Development in Infant Siblings of Children with Autism

Iverson

Wozniak

2006

J Autism Dev Disord

228

186

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In this study we examined early motor, vocal, and communicative development in a group of younger siblings of children diagnosed with autism (Infant Siblings). Infant Siblings and no-risk comparison later-born infants were videotaped at home with a primary caregiver each month from 5 to 14 months, with follow-up at 18 months. As a group, Infant Siblings were delayed in the onset of early developmental milestones and spent significantly less time in a greater number of postures, suggestive of relative postural instability. In addition, they demonstrated attenuated patterns of change in rhythmic arm activity around the time of reduplicated babble onset; and they were highly likely to exhibit delayed language development at 18 months.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Vocal-Motor Development in Infant Siblings of Children with Autism

Iverson

Wozniak

2006

J Autism Dev Disord

228

186

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“…Moreover, twins and singletons are comparable with respect to the quality of their peer relations such as the number of friends, friendship features, or the level of victimization by peers (Laffey-Ardley and Thorpe;Lamarche et al 2007;Thorpe 2003). Twins also do not seem to differ from singletons in regard to theory of mind (Cassidy et al 2005), but twins are known to show a 2 to 4 month delay in early language development compared to singletons (Dale et al 1998;Thorpe 2003). Specific comparisons of identical (monozygotic) and nonidentical (dizyogtic) twins suggest no zygosity differences in regard to sociocognitive and language development, aggressive behavior and children's peer relationships (Lemelin et al 2007;Lamarche et al 2007;Thorpe 2003).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(monozygotic) and nonidentical (dizyogtic) twins suggest no zygosity differences in regard to sociocognitive and language development, aggressive behavior and children's peer relationships (Lemelin et al 2007;Lamarche et al 2007;Thorpe 2003). However, there is some evidence that mixed-gender siblings slightly outperform same-gender siblings in regard to language and cognitive development (Cassidy et al 2005;Dale et al 1998;Pulkkinen et al 2003). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Links Between Theory of Mind, Peer Victimization, and Reactive and Proactive Aggression

Renouf

Brendgen

Séguin

et al. 2010

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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This study investigated the relation between theory of mind and reactive and proactive aggression, respectively, as well as the moderating role of peer victimization in this context. The 574 participants were drawn from a longitudinal study of twins. Theory of mind was assessed before school entry, when participants were 5 years old. Reactive and proactive aggression as well as peer victimization were assessed a year later in kindergarten. Results from multilevel regression CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscriptanalyses revealed that low theory of mind was related to a high level of reactive aggression, but only in children who experienced average to high levels of peer victimization. In contrast, a high theory of mind was related to a high level of proactive aggression. Again, this relation was especially pronounced in children who experienced high levels of peer victimization. These findings challenge the social skills deficit view of aggression and provide support for a multidimensional perspective of aggressive behavior. KeywordsTheory of mind; Reactive and proactive aggression; Peer victimizationIn the study of aggressive behavior a fundamental distinction is made between reactive aggression and proactive aggression, which refer to two different underlying functions of aggression (Day, Bream and Paul 1992;Dodge and Coie 1987;Schwartz et al. 1998).Reactive aggression is defined as a retaliatory response to a real or perceived threat or provocation. It is associated with the frustration theory of aggression (Berkowitz 1989) and is accompanied by an activation of the autonomous system (Hubbard et al. 2002). In contrast, proactive aggression is considered a non-provoked behavior that is motivated by the desire for personal gains or the domination of others (Vitaro and Brendgen 2005). As an organized and planned behavior, proactive aggression is related to the anticipation of a positive outcome of the aggressive behavior (Dodge et al. 1997). Although studies usually report a high correlation between reactive and proactive aggression (mean r=0.68; Card and Little 2006), factor analyses and meta-analyses provide clear evidence for the validity of the distinction between the two functions of aggression (Card and Little 2006;Crick and Dodge 1996;McAuliffe et al. 2007;Poulin and Boivin 2000;Vitaro et al. 1998). As will be discussed in more detail below, evidence also suggests that these two functions of aggressive behavior are differentially related to social cognitive skills, particularly with respect to the decoding of social stimuli (Crick and Dodge 1996;Dodge et al. 1997;Dodge and Coie 1987;Hubbard et al. 2001;Schippel et al. 2003). The present study examines a specific and as yet unstudied aspect of decoding-related social cognitive skills, namely theory of mind, in relation to proactive and reactive aggression. The Role of Theory of Mind in Social BehaviorTheory of mind implies the capacity to attribute mental states to the self and to others in order to explain and predic...

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“…For example, 31% of mothers in TEDS had A-levels whereas for the age-weighted 1996 UK General Household Survey census data 32% had Alevels. After excluding twin pairs with birth, medical, zygosity or data problems, 11 our sample included 3636 children in 1818 twin pairs: 608 identical (MZ) pairs, 623 same-sex nonidentical (DZ) pairs, with approximately equal numbers of boys and girls, and 587 opposite-sex DZ pairs. Selecting the top 5% of twins using weight corrected for height (see below) yielded 58 MZ twin probands and 65 DZ twin probands in 41 MZ twin pairs and 53 DZ twin pairs.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

A genetic analysis of weight and overweight in 4-year-old twin pairs

2001

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OBJECTIVE: Although many twin and adoption studies document genetic in¯uence on individual differences in weight, much less is known about genetic in¯uences on overweight, about the genetic links between weight and overweight, or about the origins of weight and overweight in childhood, an age that might provide a good target for prevention of obesity. We tested the hypothesis that, in early childhood, overweight is as heritable as weight and that weight and overweight are linked genetically. DESIGN: Model-®tting analyses were used to compare monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins (same-sex and oppositesex) for weight and overweight. SUBJECTS: The sample included 3636 4-y-old twins born in the UK in 1994. MEASUREMENTS: Heights and weights reported by parents were used to assess weight corrected for height, which yields results similar to body mass index (BMI) but corrects more completely for genetic effects on height. RESULTS: At 4 y of age, genetic factors contributed substantially both to individual differences in weight throughout the distribution and to the mean weight difference between overweight children and the rest of the population. Unlike results later in life, weight and overweight in 4-y-olds also suggest substantial shared family environmental in¯uence. Results are similar for boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight is the quantitative extreme of genetic and environmental factors responsible for normal variation in weight in childhood. Genes associated with overweight are likely to be associated with variation in weight throughout the distribution, as assumed by quantitative trait locus (QTL) theory. These ®ndings linking weight and overweight in childhood have far-reaching implications for molecular genetic attempts to identify speci®c genes responsible for genetic in¯uence, for investigating pathways between genes and behaviour, and for intervention and prevention.

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Genetic influence on language delay in two-year-old children

Cited by 240 publications

References 29 publications

Variation in Vocal-Motor Development in Infant Siblings of Children with Autism

Variation in Vocal-Motor Development in Infant Siblings of Children with Autism

Interactive Links Between Theory of Mind, Peer Victimization, and Reactive and Proactive Aggression

A genetic analysis of weight and overweight in 4-year-old twin pairs

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