Genetic influences on brain structure

Thompson, Paul M.; Cannon, Tyrone D.; Narr, Katherine L.; Erp, Theo G.M. van; Poutanen, Veli-Pekka; Huttunen, Matti; Lönnqvist, Jouko; Standertskjöld‐Nordenstam, C.‐G.; Kaprio, Jaakko; Khaledy, Mohammad; Dail, Rajneesh; Zoumalan, Chris I.; Toga, Arthur W.

doi:10.1038/nn758

Cited by 949 publications

(737 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These results are similar to the synapse counting results of Huttenlocher, although the direct relationship between glucose utilization and the metabolic demands of synaptogenesis and synaptic transmission may be complex [Chugani, 1998]. Some progress has been made using MRI-based brain morphometry [Thompson et al, 2001]. This technique has been evaluated in the context of cognitive development [Casey et al, 2000;Geidd et al, 1996] and in rodent models showing that stress induced hippocampal dendritic remodeling and kainic acid induced hippocampal cell loss lead to changes in MRI-based hippocampal volume [Wolf et al, 2002a;2002b].…”

Section: Cellular and Molecular Genetic Cluessupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Further evidence of disruption of normal synaptogenic processes can be found in longitudinal brain structure studies of patients with early onset schizophrenia. An accelerated loss of grey matter seems to appear early in parietal areas and spreads through adolescence to temporal and frontal areas [Thompson et al, 2001]. A loss of grey matter may be related to decreases in input from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, given the evidence for a decreased number of these neurons [Young et al, 2000] and reduced thalamic size [Andreasen et al, 1994].…”

Section: Suggestive Evidence Linking Disruptions In Synaptogenesis Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synaptogenesis and heritable aspects of executive attention

Fossella

Sommer

Fan

et al. 2003

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

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In humans, changes in brain structure and function can be measured non-invasively during postnatal development. In animals, advanced optical imaging measures can track the formation of synapses during learning and behavior. With the recent progress in these technologies, it is appropriate to begin to assess how the physiological processes of synapse, circuit, and neural network formation relate to the process of cognitive development. Of particular interest is the development of executive function, which develops more gradually in humans. One approach that has shown promise is molecular genetics. The completion of the human genome project and the human genome diversity project make it straightforward to ask whether variation in a particular gene correlates with variation in behavior, brain structure, brain activity, or all of the above. Strategies that unify the wealth of biochemical knowledge pertaining to synapse formation with the functional measures of brain structure and activity may lead to new insights in developmental cognitive psychology.

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Section: Cellular and Molecular Genetic Cluessupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Suggestive Evidence Linking Disruptions In Synaptogenesis Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptogenesis and heritable aspects of executive attention

Fossella

Sommer

Fan

et al. 2003

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

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“…These methods have been used to reveal the profile of structural brain deficits in studies of dementia (Thompson et al, 2001a(Thompson et al, ,b, 2003, epilepsy (Lin et al, 2004), depression (Ballmeier et al, 2003), childhood and adult-onset schizophrenia Narr et al, 2004a,b;Thompson et al, 2001a,b), bipolar disorder (Van Erp et al, 2004), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Sowell et al, 2003a,b), fetal alcohol syndrome (Sowell et al, 2002a,b,c), Tourette syndrome (Sowell et al, 2004a,b), Williams syndrome (Thompson et al, 2004c), and in methamphetamine abusers ). Below we describe some examples selected to illustrate the concepts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As imaging studies expand into ever-larger populations, we and others have developed techniques that have mapped unsuspected patterns of brain changes in childhood Gogtay et al, 2004;Paus et al, 1999;Sowell et al, 2001Sowell et al, , 2002Thompson et al, 2000a,b) and dynamic waves of tissue loss in dementia and schizophrenia Thompson et al, 2001aThompson et al, ,b, 2003. Maps of disease effects on the brain, computed from serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients (Janke et al, 2001) or those at genetic risk , can clarify disease progression and transmission, and can also provide therapeutic targets (cf.…”

Section: Computational Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another type of cortical map, a genetic brain map (Thompson et al, 2001a(Thompson et al, ,b, 2003 quantifies genetic influences on brain structure. In Thompson et al (2001a,b), we computed the intraclass correlation in gray matter density g i,r (x) for groups of identical and fraternal twins after cortical pattern matching (giving maps r MZ (/,h) and r DZ (/,h) in Figs.…”

Section: Heritabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping cortical change in Alzheimer's disease, brain development, and schizophrenia

et al. 2004

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This paper describes algorithms that can identify patterns of brain structure and function associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, normal aging, and abnormal brain development based on imaging data collected in large human populations. Extraordinary information can be discovered with these techniques: dynamic brain maps reveal how the brain grows in childhood, how it changes in disease, and how it responds to medication. Genetic brain maps can reveal genetic influences on brain structure, shedding light on the nature-nurture debate, and the mechanisms underlying inherited neurobehavioral disorders. Recently, we created time-lapse movies of brain structure for a variety of diseases. These identify complex, shifting patterns of brain structural deficits, revealing where, and at what rate, the path of brain deterioration in illness deviates from normal. Statistical criteria can then identify situations in which these changes are abnormally accelerated, or when medication or other interventions slow them. In this paper, we focus on describing our approaches to map structural changes in the cortex. These methods have already been used to reveal the profile of brain anomalies in studies of dementia, epilepsy, depression, childhoodand adult-onset schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, fetal alcohol syndrome, Tourette syndrome, Williams syndrome, and in methamphetamine abusers. Specifically, we describe an image analysis pipeline known as cortical pattern matching that helps compare and pool cortical data over time and across subjects. Statistics are then defined to identify brain structural differences between groups, including localized alterations in cortical thickness, gray matter density (GMD), and asymmetries in cortical organization. Subtle features, not seen in individual brain scans, often emerge when population-based brain data are averaged in this way. Illustrative examples are presented to show the profound effects of development and various diseases on the human cortex. Dynamically spreading waves of gray matter loss are tracked in dementia and schizophrenia, and these sequences are related to normally occurring changes in healthy subjects of various ages. D 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Association of GSK3β Polymorphisms With Brain Structural Changes in Major Depressive Disorder

Inkster¹,

Nichols²,

Saemann³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

119

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The GSK3beta gene may have a role in determining regional GM volume differences of the right hippocampus and bilateral superior temporal gyri. The association between genotype and brain structure was specific to the patients with MDD, suggesting that GSK3beta genotypes might interact with MDD status. We speculate that this is a consequence of regional neocortical, glial, or neuronal growth or survival. In considering core cognitive features of MDD, the association of GSK3beta polymorphisms with structural variation in the temporal lobe and hippocampus is of particular interest in the context of other evidence for structural and functional abnormalities in the hippocampi of patients with MDD.

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Genetic influences on brain structure

Cited by 949 publications

References 42 publications

Synaptogenesis and heritable aspects of executive attention

Synaptogenesis and heritable aspects of executive attention

Mapping cortical change in Alzheimer's disease, brain development, and schizophrenia

Association of GSK3β Polymorphisms With Brain Structural Changes in Major Depressive Disorder

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