Genetic manipulation of mammals and its application in reproductive biology

Abstract

Methods of genetic manipulation Microinjection Retroviral vectors Embryonal stem cells Spermatozoa as vectors Factors affecting the expression of transgenes Choice of species Assays for transgene expression Research strategies using genetically manipulated animals Ablation of tissues Cell lineages Identification of new genes Modification of gene function Disease models Other uses of oncogenes in transgenic animals Somatic gene therapy Research in reproduction Embryogenesis Homoeobox-containing genes Genomic imprinting Hypogonadal mice and the GnRH gene Development of the reproductive tract Lactation Spermatogenesis Conclusions

Dominant-negative Effects of the N-terminal Half of Prion Protein on Neurotoxicity of Prion Protein-like Protein/Doppel in Mice

“…Generation of Transgenic Mice-The plasmid-derived sequences were removed from each of the transgene constructs, and the resulting DNAs were injected into the zygotes of C57BL/6 mice to generate tg mice as described elsewhere (17,18).…”

In vitro culture of embryonic disc cells from porcine blastocysts

“…This method has been well developed in mice (Lallemand and Brulet, 1990), but no such ES lines deriving from ICM or embryonic disc and producing chimaera have been obtained in farm animals (Yang and Anderson, 1992). However, embryoderived cells with differentiation potentialities have been isolated from porcine embryos (Notarianni et al, 1990;Piedrahita et al, 1990;Strojek et al, 1990; MeineckeTillmann and Meinecke, 1991;Wilmut et al, 1991). ).…”

Transgenic strategies in reproductive endocrinology

“…A majority of studies to date have generated transgenic mice by microinjection of several hundred copies of a gene construct into the pronucleus of fertilized oocytes (review: Brinster, 1985,1986;Hanahan, 1989;Gordon, 1989;Wilmut et al, 1991). This results in a random integration of the foreign gene into the genome of a small percentage of the oocytes (e.g., about 10% of injected mouse oocytes produce offspring, 30% of which will be transgenic, see Brinster et al, 1985).…”

“…Studies have extended the use of the above methodologies to produce transgenic rats, rabbits, sheep, pigs and cattle (see reviews by Pursel, 1989;Houdebine, 1991;Wilmut et al, 1991). Several transgenic nonmammalian vertebrates have also been produced (reviews by Houdebine and Chourrout, 1991;Shuman, 1991).…”