Genetic Manipulation of Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria

Williams, Joann; Taguchi, Aileen K. W.

doi:10.1007/0-306-47954-0_48

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 415 publications

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“…In fact, in this connection it has occurred to us that strain LBB1 might be an excellent model for the biochemical and genetic study of anoxygenic photosynthesis at alkaline pH. For example, mutations in photosynthesis genes in strain LBB1 should be readily obtainable and mutant cells rescued via respiratory growth, as has been done extensively in species of purple nonsulfur bacteria that grow optimally at neutral pH (Williams and Taguchi 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodobaca bogoriensis gen. nov. and sp. nov., an alkaliphilic purple nonsulfur bacterium from African Rift Valley soda lakes

Milford

Achenbach

Jung

et al. 2000

Archives of Microbiology

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From enrichment cultures established for purple nonsulfur bacteria using water and sediment samples from Lake Bogoria and Crater Lake, two soda lakes in the African Rift Valley, three strains of purple nonsulfur bacteria were isolated; strain LBB1 was studied in detail. Cells of strain LBB1 were motile and spherical to rod-shaped, suggesting a relationship to Rhodobacter or Rhodovulum species, and the organism was capable of both phototrophic and chemotrophic growth on a wide variety of organic compounds. Phototrophically grown cultures were yellow to yellow-brown in color and grew optimally at pH 9 (pH range 7.5-10) and 1% NaCl (range 0-10%). In physiological studies of strain LBB1, neither photoautotrophy (H2- or sulfide-dependent) nor nitrogen fixation was observed. Absorption spectra revealed that all three strains contained bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spheroidene pathway and synthesized only a light-harvesting (LH) I-type photosynthetic antenna complex. Electron microscopy of cells of strain LBB1 revealed a vesicular intracytoplasmic membrane system, although only a few vesicles were observed per cell. The G+C content of strain LBB1 DNA was 59 mol%, significantly lower than that of known Rhodobacter and Rhodovulum species, and its phylogeny as determined by ribosomal RNA gene sequencing placed it within the Rhodobacter/Rhodovulum clade yet distinct from all described species of either of these genera. The unique assemblage of properties observed in strain LBB1 warrants its inclusion in a new genus of purple nonsulfur bacteria and the name Rhodobaca bogoriensis is proposed herein, the genus name reflecting morphological characteristics and the species epithet referring to the habitat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodobaca bogoriensis gen. nov. and sp. nov., an alkaliphilic purple nonsulfur bacterium from African Rift Valley soda lakes

Milford

Achenbach

Jung

et al. 2000

Archives of Microbiology

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“…The wild-type RCs were isolated from a deletion strain complemented with the wild-type genes (6). Cells were grown semiaerobically under nonphotosynthetic conditions, and RCs were isolated after published conditions by using lauryl dimethylamine oxide (Fluka) as previously described (7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between lipids and bacterial reaction centers determined by protein crystallography

Cámara-Artigas

Brune

Allen

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

118

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The structure of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been solved by using x-ray diffraction at a 2.55-Å resolution limit. Three lipid molecules that lie on the surface of the protein are resolved in the electron density maps. In addition to a cardiolipin that has previously been reported [McAuley, K. E., Fyfe, P. K., Ridge, J. P., Isaacs, N. W., Cogdell, R. J. & Jones, M. R. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 14706 -14711], two other major lipids of the cell membrane are found, a phosphatidylcholine and a glucosylgalactosyl diacylglycerol. The presence of these three lipids has been confirmed by laser mass spectroscopy. The lipids are located in the hydrophobic region of the protein surface and interact predominately with hydrophobic amino acids, in particular aromatic residues. Although the cardiolipin is over 15 Å from the cofactors, the other two lipids are in close contact with the cofactors and may contribute to the difference in energetics for the two branches of cofactors that is primarily responsible for the asymmetry of electron transfer. The glycolipid is 3.5 Å from the active bacteriochlorophyll monomer and shields this cofactor from the solvent in contrast to a much greater exposed surface evident for the inactive bacteriochlorophyll monomer. The phosphate atom of phosphatidylcholine is 6.5 Å from the inactive bacteriopheophytin, and the associated electrostatic interactions may contribute to electron transfer rates involving this cofactor. Overall, the lipids span a distance of Ϸ30 Å, which is consistent with a bilayer-like arrangement suggesting the presence of an ''inner shell'' of lipids around membrane proteins that is critical for membrane function.I ntegral membrane proteins are found in the cell membrane surrounded by lipids. The biophysical and biochemical properties of these proteins are critically determined by the lipid environment. The lipid composition of cell membranes is complex, containing a variety of phospholipids, glycolipids, and other small molecules. In the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the major lipids are the phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin, or diphosphatidyl glycerol, and two glycolipids, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and glucosylgalactosyl diacylglycerol (1). The relative amounts of these lipids vary significantly depending on specific growth conditions, in particular the oxygen level, although the fatty acid chains are always predominately 18:1 with only minor contributions from 18:0, 16:0, and 16:1 and trace amounts of smaller chains. The lipid composition is known to critically determine the morphology of the cell membrane, but whether the lipids can affect the photosynthetic energy conversion processes remains an outstanding question.Understanding the influence of the lipid properties on the photosynthetic complexes, or any other integral membrane proteins, is in most cases limited by the lack of detailed structural information concerning membrane proteins. To ...

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“…Rhodobacter capsulatus is perhaps the most nutritionally versatile of all purple bacteria (Madigan and Gest 1979;Pantazopolous and Madigan 2000;Weaver et al 1975) and has been at the forefront of research in the molecular biology of photosynthesis since discovery of a genetic transfer system in this species 25 years ago (Marrs 1974;Williams and Taguchi 1995). However, Rba.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus on the aromatic compound hippurate

Madigan

Jung

Resnick

2001

Archives of Microbiology

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The purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus strain B10 grew phototrophically on the aromatic compound hippurate (N-benzoyl-L-glycine) and related benzoyl amino acids. Absorption spectra, extraction, and GC/MS analysis of culture supernatants showed that hippurate was stoichiometrically converted to benzoate and glycine, with the latter used as a carbon or nitrogen source for growth. This conclusion was supported by detection of the enzyme hippuricase in permeabilized intact cells. Chemotrophic growth on hippurate by Rba. capsulatus, either at full or reduced oxygen tensions, was not observed. The type strain of Rhodobacter sphaeroides as well as four strains of Rhodopseudomonas palustris also grew phototrophically on hippurate, while several other aromatic-degrading species of purple bacteria did not.

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Genetic Manipulation of Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria

Cited by 26 publications

References 415 publications

Rhodobaca bogoriensis gen. nov. and sp. nov., an alkaliphilic purple nonsulfur bacterium from African Rift Valley soda lakes

Rhodobaca bogoriensis gen. nov. and sp. nov., an alkaliphilic purple nonsulfur bacterium from African Rift Valley soda lakes

Interactions between lipids and bacterial reaction centers determined by protein crystallography

Growth of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus on the aromatic compound hippurate

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