Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Sleep

Toda, Hirofumi; Shi, Mi; Williams, Julie; Sehgal, Amita

doi:10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037705

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The honey bee has been found to be a very good model for sleep, because of its detailed description of sleep architecture (Kaiser, 1988;Sauer et al, 2003;Klein et al, 2014), while the fruit fly has been very helpful to unravel the underlying molecular and recently also neuronal mechanism of sleep [reviewed in Helfrich-Förster (2017), Guo et al (2018)]. In both insects, disturbances of the sleep-wake-rhythm result in reduced learning ability (Hussaini et al, 2009;Toda et al, 2018;Donlea, 2019) and in honey bees additionally in reduced communication ability, which is very similar in humans (Klein et al, 2010), suggesting that sleep is essential to maintain neuronal plasticity, learning and memory in all animals.…”

Section: Output Rhythms In Flies and Beesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model and Non-model Insects in Chronobiology

Beer

Helfrich‐Förster

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology, because genetic manipulation and breeding in the laboratory are easy. The circadian clock neuroanatomy in D. melanogaster is one of the best-known clock networks in insects and basic circadian behavior has been characterized in detail in this insect. Another model in chronobiology is the honey bee Apis mellifera, of which diurnal foraging behavior has been described already in the early twentieth century. A. mellifera hallmarks the research on the interplay between the clock and sociality and complex behaviors like sun compass navigation and time-place-learning. Nevertheless, there are aspects of clock structure and function, like for example the role of the clock in photoperiodism and diapause, which can be only insufficiently investigated in these two models. Unlike high-latitude flies such as Chymomyza costata or D. ezoana, cosmopolitan D. melanogaster flies do not display a photoperiodic diapause. Similarly, A. mellifera bees do not go into “real” diapause, but most solitary bee species exhibit an obligatory diapause. Furthermore, sociality evolved in different Hymenoptera independently, wherefore it might be misleading to study the social clock only in one social insect. Consequently, additional research on non-model insects is required to understand the circadian clock in Diptera and Hymenoptera. In this review, we introduce the two chronobiology model insects D. melanogaster and A. mellifera, compare them with other insects and show their advantages and limitations as general models for insect circadian clocks.

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Section: Output Rhythms In Flies and Beesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model and Non-model Insects in Chronobiology

Beer

Helfrich‐Förster

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…We are living through a great era of molecular genetics, in which the ability to modulate the expression of single genes is transforming the way we understand disease. The discovery of the molecular circadian clock might never have occurred without genetic screens in Drosophila (7), and sleep research also benefits from the application of genetics (135). Unquestionably, knockout mice and other genetic reagents represent important stepping-stones for examining circadian-sleep-immune connections, but exclusive reliance on genetic approaches in model organisms is not without caveats.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity — an NIH workshop summary

et al. 2020

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Recent discoveries demonstrate a critical role for circadian rhythms and sleep in immune system homeostasis. Both innate and adaptive immune responses-ranging from leukocyte mobilization, trafficking, and chemotaxis to cytokine release and T cell differentiation-are mediated in a time of day-dependent manner. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop, "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response," to highlight new research linking sleep and circadian biology to immune function and to identify areas of high translational potential. This Review summarizes topics discussed and highlights immediate opportunities for delineating clinically relevant connections among biological rhythms, sleep, and immune regulation. Circadian rhythms are daily variations in behavior and biological activity that stem from an intrinsic ability of organisms to align themselves with the environmental 24-hour light/dark cycle. These rhythms originate from an internal biological clock that drives many aspects of human physiology, including the sleepwake cycle and daily variations in blood pressure, body temperature, and cortisol (1). A growing body of epidemiological evidence demonstrates an association between altering circadian timing through shift work or frequent time zone travel and increased rates of cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancer (2-4). Clinical aspects of disease such as pain perception, asthma exacerbations, and myocardial infarctions are more common at certain times of day or night (5, 6). The discovery of the genetic basis for the circadian clock in the 1980s and 1990s has ushered in a new era in which long-appreciated circadian rhythms in physiology and clinical medicine are being reframed in terms of gene expression, metabolism, signal transduction, and cellular physiology (7). The translation of circadian discovery into strategies to improve the prevention and management of disease promises to be transformative, but at present, fundamental research is outpacing clinical application (Figure 1A). Much will depend on research identifying the critical mechanisms and targets to which circadian rhythm-based therapeutic strategies can be applied. An emerging example of exciting circadian discovery with potential clinical relevance is the intersection between circadian function and immune regulation (Figure 1B). The NIH recently sponsored a workshop entitled "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response" (May 16-17, 2019, Rockville, Maryland, USA). Its aim was to highlight basic and clinical advances linking sleep and circadian biology to immune dysfunction, thereby stimulating the application of circadian biology to translational medicine. The Workshop was cosponsored by four NIH institutes-the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)-reflecting a...

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