Genetic model for Jurassic shale-hosted Zn-Pb deposits of the Arak Mining District, Malayer-Esfahan metallogenic belt: Insight from sedimentological, textural, and stable isotope characteristics

An introduction to Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits in early Cretaceous carbonate rocks of Iran

“…(1) the Jurassic ("Js") ore-bearing horizon that includes shalehosted massive sulphide (SHMS or SedEx) deposits at the top of the late Jurassic shales and sandstones (e.g., Kachuieh, Kolahbid, Gol-e-Zard, Baba-Gholleh, and Rokhabad deposits) are most concentrated in the southern (such as Ab-Bagh deposit) and the northwestern part (e.g., Gol-e-Zard, Hosseinabad and western Haft-Savaran deposits) of the MEMB (Rajabi et al, 2019a;Movahednia et al, 2020;Mahmoodi et al, 2018Mahmoodi et al, , 2021.…”

“…Barite is an important gangue mineral, replaced by coarse-grained galena and sphalerite (e.g., Irankuh and Tiran mining districts, Robat and Kuhkolngeh deposits) and some of the barite ores are economic (e.g., Robat II deposit). However, dolomitization is common in these deposits, but silicification is the major hydrothermal alteration at the Emarat (Ehya et al, 2010), Lakan, Robat, Kuhkolangeh (Peernajmodin et al, 2018;Niroomand et al, 2019), Khanabad and Eastern Haft-Savaran deposits (Mahmoodi, 2018;Rajabi et al, 2019a). Fe-rich dolomite is also a frequently observed alteration in these deposits (Boveiri et al, 2018;Mahmoodi et al, 2019).…”

“…These include shale-hosted massive sulphide (e.g., Koushk, Chahmir, Zarigan, Hosseinabad, Ab-Bagh I), Irishtype (e.g., Kuhkolangeh, Mehdiabad, Irankuh, Ahangaran, Farahabad, Mansourabad, Robat) and Mississippi Valley-Type (e.g., Nakhlak, Khanjar-Reshm, Talkhab, Gowmar, Zenoghan, Ab-bid) deposits (Fig. 1a; Boveiri et al, 2017;Mahmoodi et al, 2018Mahmoodi et al, , 2021Niroomand et al, 2019;Peernajmodin et al, 2019;Movahednia et al, 2020;Rajabi et al, 2012bRajabi et al, , 2015aRajabi et al, , 2015bRajabi et al, , 2020Rajabi et al, , 2022 that occur in a wide variety of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks from the early Cambrian to the Tertiary. Cretaceous carbonates are the most common host rocks for the Irish-type deposits of Iran, which are largely concentrated in the Malayer-Esfahan metallogenic belt (MEMB) in southwestern Iran, and in the Yazd-Anarak metallogenic belt (YAMB) in Central Iran (Figs.…”

“…Rajabi et al (2012a) relied on tectono-sedimentary and textural evidence to describe the metallogeny and origin of the Cretaceous-hosted Zn-Pb (±Ag±Ba) deposits and proposed that most of these deposits formed as a result of SedEx-like (Irish-type) ore-forming processes, related to the early Cretaceous back-arc basins which formed southwest of the Central Iranian Microcontinent (Nain-Baft basin). Recent geological and geochemical studies in these belts (Yarmohammadi et al, 2016;Boveiri et al, 2015;Mahmoodi, 2018;Peernajmodin, 2018;Peernajmodin et al, 2018;Niroomand et al, 2019;Maghfouri et al, 2019) provided evidence of unusual Zn-Pb (±Ag±Ba) mineralizing processes, by sub-seafloor replacement in an extensional environment, akin to those of the sediment-hosted Irish-type deposits.…”

Thermophysical Dynamics of Ore-forming Fluids in Heat Ore Deposits: Implications for Ore-formation Processes

“…Recognising their pivotal role, further investigations into these fluids hold paramount importance for mineral resource exploration and utilisation [5,6]. Enhanced comprehension not only augments the precision of ore deposit models, facilitating more effective guidance in mineral resource exploration and development, but also extends invaluable theoretical underpinning to diverse disciplines like geological science, geochemistry, material science, and mining engineering [5,6].…”