Genetic monitoring of malathion-exposed agricultural workers

Windham, Gayle C.; Titenko-Holland, Nina; Osorio, Ana; Gettner, Sharmeen; Reinisch, F.; Haas, Robert A.; Smith, Martyn T.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199802)33:2<164::aid-ajim8>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Other studies [21] that examined micronuclei formation in workers only exposed to a single type of pesticide are much more conclusive with respect to genotoxic effects of agrochemicals in human genetical material than those which monitor populations exposed to mixtures of pesticides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal aberrations analysis in a Brazilian population exposed to pesticides

Antonucci

Cólus

2000

Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen.

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In spite of being harmful, pesticides are widely used in Brazil. Their genotoxic effects might be studied through population monitoring by means of the analysis of chromosomal aberrations in occupationally exposed individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chromosomal aberration frequencies in temporary cultures of lymphocytes from periferic blood of 23 workers professionally exposed to a mixture of pesticides. The workers were employed by the Agronomic Institute of Parana (Brazil) and used all of the prevention measures provided. A detailed history of pesticide use, as well as personal data, smoking habits, and history of recent illnesses and medical treatment were collected through a standardized questionnaire administered to each subject. Nonexposed subjects, matched for age, sex, and smoking habits, served as the negative control. A total of 100 cells were analyzed from each individual. A significant increase in chromosomal aberration frequencies was observed in exposed individuals when compared to the control group. Some individual characteristics such as age, sex, time of exposure to the pesticides, and smoking habits showed no correlation with chromosomal aberrations. Therefore, the positive results may be considered true effects of pesticides on human somatic cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal aberrations analysis in a Brazilian population exposed to pesticides

Antonucci

Cólus

2000

Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen.

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“…There has been some disagreement with the conclusions of these studies. In the 1980s, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) postulated that evidence of the mutagenicity of malathion was limited (IARC, 1987), and that the studies both in vitro and in vivo showing cytogenetic changes in humans and other mammals (Windham et al, 1998) have been inconsistent. Nevertheless, with more recent researches (Blasiak et al), the U.S. Agency for Environmental Protection (EPA, 2000) concluded that there was a suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity, but not enough to rate malathion as a potential human carcinogen, even though some authors have shown what seems to be conclusive research of this carcinogenic effect (Giri et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison with other causes, cancer mortality shows an upward trend with increasing mortality rates from 99 to 118 per 100.000 population in the period 1980-1998(Medina & Kaempffer, 2001. Also, Chile´s mortality rate from breast cancer in women has increased from 12.3/100.000 in 1990 to 15.0/ 100.000 in 2010, with some fluctuations in between.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Breast Cancer and Malathion Aerial Spraying in Arica, Chile

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY:Breast cancer mortality has been increasing in Arica Chile where it has surpassed the national rates 11 times between 1990 and 2010. The city of Arica was sprayed with the organophosphrous pesticide malathion in order to control the Mediterranean fly 33 years ago. Moreover we have demonstrated that a malathion treatment induces the formation of breast carcinomas in Sprague Dowley female rats. The objective of this work was to find a relationship between malathion aerial spraying and the increased mortality rate due to breast cancer that has been observed in Arica in recent years. We extracted city data bases with all breast cancer cases diagnosed from 1995 to 2005 from the Dr. Juan Noe Crevani Hospital of Arica city and Ernesto Torres Hospital of Iquique. The number of patients was 100 in Arica and 58 in Iquique, nearby city that has never been sprayed with malathion which had a similar population than Arica in those years. The statistical analysis of the characteristics of the sample related to breast cancer risk showed that there is no significant difference between women from Arica and from Iquique. Nevertheless the patients with more times of exposure to malathion were 5.7-times more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer (OR= 5.7; p<0.02). In addition, metastases were found in 30.5% of the malathion-exposed group and only in 16% in the group never exposed (p<0.05). This study suggests that the increase in the mortality rate due to breast cancer occurring in Arica has a significant correlation with the exposure to malathion sprayed over the city more than 30 years ago.

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“…Bolognesi et al (1993a) suggested that micronuclei analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes could be considered a good biomarker of genotoxic exposure to detect early biological effects in individuals having occupational contact with pesticides. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique supplied a robust methodology for monitoring human populations (Fenech & Morley, 1985); the studies in populations exposed to pesticides showed positive results with a correlation between the micronuclei frequencies and the years of exposure (Bolognesi et al, 1993a(Bolognesi et al, ,b, 2002Pasquini et al, 1996;Joksić et al, 1997;Falck et al, 1999;Bhalli et al 2006;Costa et al, 2006); positive results without relation to the exposure time (Márquez et al, 2005;Kehdy et al, 2007;Da Silva et al, 2008); positive but not determining this correlation Vlastos et al, 2004;Ascarrunz et al, 2006;Tope et al, 2006;Bolognesi et al, 2009;Rohr et al, 2010); and negative (Barbosa & Bonin, 1994;Scarpato et al, 1996;TitenkoHolland et al, 1997;Calvert et al, 1998;Venegas et al, 1998;Windham et al, 1998;Holland et al, 2002;Pastor et al, 2002a;Bolognesi et al, 2004;Vlastos et al, 2006). The MN assay has also been performed in exfoliated buccal cells, which constitutes a minimally invasive method for monitoring populations exposed to pesticides.…”

Section: Micronucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%