Genetic polymorphism of ACE and the angiotensin II type1 receptor genes in children with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Aim and MethodsWe investigated the association between polymorphisms of the angiotensin converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1) and angiotensin II type one receptor (AT1RA1166C) genes and the causation of renal disease in 76 advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) pediatric patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) or conservative treatment (CT). Serum ACE activity and creatine kinase-MB fraction (CK-MB) were measured in all groups. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated according to echocardiographic measurements. Seventy healthy controls were also genotyped.ResultsThe differences of D allele and DI genotype of ACE were found significant between MHD group and the controls (p = 0.0001). ACE-activity and LVMI were higher in MHD, while CK-MB was higher in CT patients than in all other groups. The combined genotype DD v/s ID+II comparison validated that DD genotype was a high risk genotype for hypertension .~89% of the DD CKD patients were found hypertensive in comparison to ~ 61% of patients of non DD genotype(p = 0.02). The MHD group showed an increased frequency of the C allele and CC genotype of the AT1RA1166C polymorphism (P = 0.0001). On multiple linear regression analysis, C-allele was independently associated with hypertension (P = 0.04).ConclusionACE DD and AT1R A/C genotypes implicated possible roles in the hypertensive state and in renal damage among children with ESRD. This result might be useful in planning therapeutic strategies for individual patients.

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and association study of insertion/deletion polymorphism of ACE gene and Alzheimer’s disease in Egyptian patients

“…Considering that it has been suggested that the deviation from the expected genotypic frequencies based on the HWE may be a sign of genotyping error [2], I think that during genotyping some kinds of errors occurred. My suggestion might be confirmed by comparison between the studies of Hassanin et al [1] with other reports from Egypt [3][4][5][6][7] on the prevalence of the D allele. It should be noted that the study of Hassanin et al [1] showed a higher prevalence of the D allele (and alternatively a lower prevalence of the I allele) compared with the other studies [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Traditional risk factors and angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism in coronary artery disease

“…Differences in genotypes in the same population according to ethnic-ity have also been described (Foy et al, 1997;Akbulut et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2010). ACE activity is higher in subjects with the DD genotype (Alvarez et al, 2000;Elshamaa et al, 2011). The ACE genotype also affects the pathologies of the vascular endothelial tissue (Johnston, 1994;Morishita et al, 1994).…”

Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism associated with allergic rhinitis susceptibility: Evidence from 1410 subjects

“…32,33 Up to now, several studies on the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and atopic disorders have been reported. [34][35][36] The mechanism underlying why the ACE I/D polymorphism affects susceptibility to atopic disorders is undetermined. There is ample evidence indicating that the ACE I/D polymorphism may modulate the expression of the ACE gene and the DD and D allele of the ACE gene which brings about higher plasma ACE levels and increased angiotensin II levels which are associated with many atopic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and nephrotic syndrome.…”