Genetic polymorphism of bovine beta‐casein gene in Japanese dairy farm herds

Yamada, Asaha; Sugimura, Miyu; Kuramoto, Takashi

doi:10.1111/asj.13644

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The study results confirm the data for the distribution of allelic frequencies obtained in the analysis of the Holsteinized Black-and-White cattle, reared in Latvia (Smiltina et al, 2018). This assumption is also indirectly confirmed by the actual presence of allele A 1 (with different frequency) in the populations of Holstein cattle in different regions of the world (Yamada et al, 2021;Ivankovi´c et al, 2021;Bisutti et al, 2022).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Comparative analysis of A1 and A2 allele detection efficiency for bovine CSN2 gene by AS-PCR methods

2023

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This study was aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of the efficiency in genotyping cattle by beta-casein locus using the allele-specific PCR methods. The results of the study have demonstrated the necessity to optimize the protocol for the use of AS-PCR to detect alleles A1 and A2. It was found that the use of non-optimized PCR protocols led to the genotyping errors, manifested regarding beta-casein locus (CSN2). The impossibility of using the touchdown PCR as an optimization instrument for AS-PCR was proven. The elaborated typing protocols were used to study the genetic structure of the cattle populations of different breeds, reared in Ukraine – Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy, Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy (two populations), and Charolais. It was found that locus CSN2 was polymorphic in all the cattle populations. The frequencies of allele A2 varied within 0.34–0.91 depending on the population of the animals, which may be conditioned by the specificities in the selection work. No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found in any investigated population of cattle.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Comparative analysis of A1 and A2 allele detection efficiency for bovine CSN2 gene by AS-PCR methods

2023

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“…Our data were compared with other published data based on group-based genotypes, considering that the B, C, F, and G variants are the A1 group and the A3, D, E, H1, H2, and I variants are the A2 group ( Table 4 ). The frequency of the A2 allele (0.816) in this study was numerically higher than those reported for Holsteins (0.508–0.744) [ 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], crossbreeds (0.568–0.606) [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], Mexican Jerseys (0.738) [ 10 ], and Danish Jerseys (0.700) [ 8 ]. If the herd aims to produce milk only from the A2 variant (A2 milk), a high frequency of the A2 allele is favored for selected breeding.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Although no A3 variant was found in this study, the A3 allele was observed at frequencies of 0.005, 0.004, and 0.001 for Danish Holstein [ 8 ], Chinese Holstein [ 9 ], and Italian Holstein [ 3 ] cows, respectively. Likewise, although the average frequency of the B allele was 0.125 in this study, the allele was usually detected at 0.04–0.06 for Holsteins [ 3 , 7 , 9 ]. Reports of β-casein variants in Jersey cows are limited.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Differences due to breed and region are apparent because the frequency of the A1 variant could be the consequence of improved breeding. Yamada et al [ 7 ] identified A1, A2, and B variants in 390 cows in Japan, most of which were Holsteins. Because more than 99% of the dairy cow population in Japan comprises Holsteins, the survey reflected the current β-casein polymorphism in Japanese dairy cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency of β-Casein Gene Polymorphisms in Jersey Cows in Western Japan

Nuomin

Nguyen

Aodaohu

et al. 2022

Animals

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This study aimed to investigate β-casein gene polymorphisms in Jersey cows in Japan. Blood samples were collected from 590 cows from eight Jersey farms in Okayama Prefecture, western Japan. Sequence analysis of exon 7 regions in chromosome 6 of the CSN2 gene revealed the genotype and allele frequencies of the β-casein variants. Considering that variant B belongs to the A1 group and variant I to the A2 group, plasma metabolite concentrations were compared among the A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 group-based genotypes. The most frequent genotype was A2A2 (0.558), followed by A2B (0.190) and A2I (0.103). No variants of A3, F, G, H1, or H2 were found. The frequencies of group-based genotypes were A1A1 (0.032), A1A2 (0.303), and A2A2 (0.665). Although farm-to-farm differences were observed in the plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus, no differences were found between the A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 group-based genotypes; hence, the β-casein genotypes did not affect the metabolism of major nutrients. Owing to the high frequency of the A2 variant, Jersey cows can be considered an attractive breed for marker-assisted selection to create A2A2 herds.

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“…The PCR-RFLP assay with various restriction enzymes has been applied in several recent β-CN A1 and A2 genotyping in dairy cattle worldwide, for example, using DdeI in Greek and Sri Lankan studies, TaqI in an Indian study, and MspI in an Indonesian study (Antonopoulos et al, 2021;Kumar et al, 2019;Nuhriawangsa et al, 2021;Rupasinghe et al, 2020;Sodhi et al, 2018). In this present work, we did not detect the rare CSN2 gene variants B, C, I, and L previously reported in Holstein (Yamada et al, 2021), German Yellow (Gallinat et al, 2012), Deutsches Schwarzbuntes Niederungsrind (DSN) (Meier et al, 2019), and West African taurine crossbreeds (Vanvanhossou et al, 2021), respectively. According to allele frequency analysis, the β-CN A2 rs43703011C allele, was more dominant than the A1 rs43703011A allele in both Simmental and Angus cattle breeds, which were 0.642 and 0.835, respectively.…”

Section: Gene and Genotypic Frequenciescontrasting

confidence: 40%

Genotyping, physicochemical characterization, and protein isoform quantification of β-casein A2 milk in chinese simmental and Angus cattle

Prabakusuma¹,

Aleryani

2022

Emir J Food Agric

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The recent findings on β-casein (β-CN) A2 cattle’s milk variant have triggered global research interest, as it is claimed to be a safer choice for human health. Only a few studies have been performed to investigate the presence of β-CN A1 and A2 alleles of the CSN2 gene in dual-purpose Simmental and Angus cattle in Yunnan province, China. This present study aimed to genotype cattle producing A2 milk, predict the physicochemical properties, and quantify the isoform concentration of β-CN A2 protein. Blood samples were collected from 286 cattle (201 Simmental and 85 Angus breeds). Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) coupled with the sequencing method. Physicochemical properties were predicted using several webbased bioinformatics tools. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure β-CN A2 protein isoform concentration in fresh A2 milk. Allele frequencies of β-CN A2 were more dominant in Simmental (0.642) and Angus (0.835) than A1. The β-CN A1A2 genotype was most frequent in Simmental (44.8%), while A2A2 genotype was primarily found in Angus (70.6%). The predicted monoisotopic mass, molecular weight, isoelectric point (pI), net charge at pH 7, total number of atoms, instability index, and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) of β-CN A2 were 23,567.23 Da, 23,582.30 Da, 5.24, –6.5, 3,357, 96.53, and –0.355, respectively. The β-CN A2 protein isoform concentration in Angus (17.8 ng/ml) was higher than in Simmental (16.7 ng/ml). Identifying β-CN A2 milk provides new insights for screening favorable alleles and establishing breeding programs based on marker-assisted selection.

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Genetic polymorphism of bovine beta‐casein gene in Japanese dairy farm herds

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Comparative analysis of A1 and A2 allele detection efficiency for bovine CSN2 gene by AS-PCR methods

Comparative analysis of A1 and A2 allele detection efficiency for bovine CSN2 gene by AS-PCR methods

Frequency of β-Casein Gene Polymorphisms in Jersey Cows in Western Japan

Genotyping, physicochemical characterization, and protein isoform quantification of β-casein A2 milk in chinese simmental and Angus cattle

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