Genetic Programming Simulation of Dam Breach Hydrograph and Peak Outflow Discharge

Hakimzadeh, Habib; Nourani, Vahid; Amini, Alireza Babaeian

doi:10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000849

Cited by 35 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This slight increase in

Q

with increasing

D_{50}

contrasts with results of Hakimzadeh et al . [], who found a slight but consistent decrease in peak discharge as

D_{50}

was increased from 0.25 to 2 mm in dam‐breaching experiments that differed only in the choice of grain size. An inverse relationship between

Q_{p e a k}

and

D_{50}

was also reported by Schmocker and Hager [] for 2‐D experiments—that is, with the dam overtopped from one flume wall to the other—with constant inflow to the reservoir.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In addition to our experiments reported here, two other studies have included systematic variation of dam height, and thus of initial water level: Al‐Riffai [, chapter 6] and Hakimzadeh et al . []. Al‐Riffai reported results of so‐called scale‐series breaching experiments in which dam geometry was varied systematically: In some experiments, both the length and height of the dam were scaled by a factor

λ

(equal to either 1/2 or 1/3) relative to a benchmark experiment with a 0.3 m high dam, while in other experiments, only the length was scaled by

λ

.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Graph of nondimensional peak discharge as a function of nondimensional initial water level, for our data and data of Al‐Riffai [] and Hakimzadeh et al . []. For each data set, the scale for water level is the maximum used; the scale for peak discharge is the maximum found for the tallest dam in the data set.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Controls on the breach geometry and flood hydrograph during overtopping of noncohesive earthen dams

Walder

Iverson

Godt

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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Overtopping failure of noncohesive earthen dams was investigated in 13 large-scale experiments with dams built of compacted, damp, fine-grained sand. Breaching was initiated by cutting a notch across the dam crest and allowing water escaping from a finite upstream reservoir to form its own channel. The channel developed a stepped profile, and upstream migration of the steps, which coalesced into a headcut, led to the establishment of hydraulic control (critical flow) at the channel head, or breach crest, an arcuate erosional feature that functions hydraulically as a weir. Novel photogrammetric methods, along with underwater videography, revealed that the retreating headcut maintained a slope near the angle of friction of the sand, while the cross section at the breach crest maintained a geometrically similar shape through time. That cross-sectional shape was nearly unaffected by slope failures, contrary to the assumption in many models of dam breaching. Flood hydrographs were quite reproducible-for sets of dams ranging in height from 0.55 m to 0.98 mwhen the time datum was chosen as the time that the migrating headcut intersected the breach crest. Peak discharge increased almost linearly as a function of initial dam height. Early-time variability between flood hydrographs for nominally identical dams is probably a reflection of subtle experiment-to-experiment differences in groundwater hydrology and the interaction between surface water and groundwater.

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“…This slight increase in

Q

with increasing

D_{50}

contrasts with results of Hakimzadeh et al . [], who found a slight but consistent decrease in peak discharge as

D_{50}

was increased from 0.25 to 2 mm in dam‐breaching experiments that differed only in the choice of grain size. An inverse relationship between

Q_{p e a k}

and

D_{50}

was also reported by Schmocker and Hager [] for 2‐D experiments—that is, with the dam overtopped from one flume wall to the other—with constant inflow to the reservoir.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

λ

(equal to either 1/2 or 1/3) relative to a benchmark experiment with a 0.3 m high dam, while in other experiments, only the length was scaled by

λ

.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Controls on the breach geometry and flood hydrograph during overtopping of noncohesive earthen dams

Walder

Iverson

Godt

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, they also stated that GP provides a non-physically-based analysis for natural phenomena. Hakimzadeh et al (2014) collected dam breach data from literature, laboratory experiments and numerical model simulations to calibrate and validate GP to successfully simulate outflow hydrograph due to earthen dam breach. Kitsikoudis et al (2015) used GP for the predciton of for the mean flow velocity prediction in sand-bed and gravel-bed rivers.…”

Section: Gp Algorithm Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Optimization Methods in Water Resources Planning, Engineering and Management

Tayfur

2017

Water Resour Manage

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Mathematical (analytical, numerical and optimization) models are employed in many disciplines including the water resources planning, engineering and management. These models can vary from a simple black-box model to a sophisticated distributed physics-based model. Recently, development and employment of modern optimization methods (MOMs) have become popular in the area of mathematical modeling. This paper overviews the MOMs based on the evolutionary search which were developed over mostly the last 30 years. These methods have wide application in practice from finance to engineering and this paper focuses mostly on the applications in the area of water resources planning, engineering and management. Although there are numerous optimization algorithms, the paper outlines the ones that have been widely employed especially in the last three decades; such as the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony (AC), Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm (PS), Harmony Search (HS), Genetic Programming (GP), and Gene Expression Programming (GEP). The paper briefly introduces theoretical background of each algorithm and its applications and discusses the merits and, if any, shortcomings. The wide spectrum of applications include, but not limited to, flood control and mitigation, reservoir operation, irrigation, flood routing, river training, flow velocity, rainfall-runoff processes, sediment transport, groundwater management, water quality, hydropower, dispersion, and aquifers.

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“…After the dam crest was smoothed and leveled, a rectangular notch (h 0 × w 0 0.05 m × 0.1 m) is excavated on the dam crest, adjacent to the glass side-wall. This ensures that the overtopping failure starts at the same place every time, guaranteeing the repeatability of the experiments (Hakimzadeh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Dam Constructionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental Investigation of the Outburst Discharge of Landslide Dam Overtopping Failure

et al. 2021

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Research on the factors and mechanisms that influence outburst floods are essential for estimating outflow hydrographs and the resulting inundation. In this study, large flume tests are conducted to investigate the effects of the upstream inflow and the presence of loose erodible deposits on the breaching flow and the subsequent outburst floods. Experimental results reveal that hydrographs of the breaching flow and outburst flood can be divided into three stages where each stage is separated by inflection points and peak discharges. It is found that the larger the inflow discharge, the larger the peak discharge of the outburst flood and the shorter the time needed to reach the peak and inflection discharges of the outburst flood. The breaching flow decreases along the longitudinal direction at rates that increase with the inflow discharge. The ratio between the length of the upstream dam shoulder and the dam width is inversely related to the ratio of the outburst discharge to inflow discharge. We also show that the presence of loose deposits at the dam toe can amplify the peak discharge of outburst flood by increasing the solids content of the water flow.

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Genetic Programming Simulation of Dam Breach Hydrograph and Peak Outflow Discharge

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Controls on the breach geometry and flood hydrograph during overtopping of noncohesive earthen dams

Controls on the breach geometry and flood hydrograph during overtopping of noncohesive earthen dams

Modern Optimization Methods in Water Resources Planning, Engineering and Management

Experimental Investigation of the Outburst Discharge of Landslide Dam Overtopping Failure

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