Genetic Recombination and Mode of Inheritance of Pathogenic Characters by Phytophthora infestans Through Sexual Reproduction

Laviola, C.; Gallegly, M. E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9305-8_29

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Genetic recombination in P. infestans through the sexual process has been shown to occur (Laviola and Gallegly 1982;Spielman et al 1989;Van Der Lee et al 1997). In regions where the two mating types are present with two or more physiologic races, there is the possibility that new and more complex races may arise during a growing season by recombination of pre-existing pathogenicity characters (Laviola and Gallegly 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of oospores ofPhytophthora infestansunder field conditions in northeastern North America

Medina

Platt

1999

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Studies were conducted in potato fields on Prince Edward Island (PE) and New Brunswick (NB) to determine the overwintering viability, germination, and infectivity of oospores of Phytophthora infestans. Oospore viability was determined using plasmolysis (4 M NaCl) and tetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests. After seven months exposure to winter conditions in potato fields, the viability of oospores buried on PE and NB ranged from 2.5 to 13% and from 1 to 28%, respectively, with the plasmolysis test and from 13 to 44% and from 2.5 to 40%, respectively, with the MTT test. In other studies on PE, oospore viability ranged from 5 to 15% 12 months after burial. In laboratory studies, oospores exposed to temperatures of -20 and -50°C for up to 90 days had viabilities greater than 50%, whereas exposure to 0, 4, or 15°C resulted in average viabilities from 23 to 36%. The lowest viability, 22%, was recorded at the highest temperature tested, 36°C. Oospore germination was low, ranging from 6 to 19%. However, this level was sufficient to demonstrate that oospores could be a source of inoculum. A potato soil leachate medium was superior to others for stimulating oospore germination. Oospores of P. infestans present in potato stems and infested farm soil, maintained underground for seven months, were able to infect potato leaf discs in the laboratory. Although all studies were conducted in essentially gnotobiotic conditions, they demonstrate that oospores cannot only survive the winter conditions in northeastern North America but can also germinate and infect new potato tissue in the following growing season. While it would be useful to confirm these findings with new studies under native soil conditions, this is not practical at this time. The presence of oospores also poses a new disease risk that needs to be addressed in future late blight management strategies.Résumé : Des études ont été menées a l'Ile du Prince Édouard (IPE) et au Nouveau-Brunswick (NB), Canada, pour determiner la viabilité hivernale, la germination et Ie pouvoir infectieux d'oospores de Phytophthora infestans. La viabilité des oospores a été déterminée sur la base de deux tests : la plasmolyse dans NaCl 4 M et la coloration au bromure de tetrazolium (MTT). Après sept mois dans des conditions hivernales, la viabilité des oospores enterrées a PIPE et au NB était respectivement de 2,5 a 13% et de 1 a 28% sur la base du test de plasmolyse. Sur la base du test MTT, la viabilité des oospores était respectivement de 13 a 44% et de 2,5 a 40% a 1TPE et au NB. Les oospores enterrées pendant 12 mois a 1TPE avaient une viabilité de 5 a 15%. Les oospores exposées a des temperatures entre -20 et -50°C au laboratoire pour une période allant jusqu'a 90 jours avaient une viabilité supérieure a 50%, alors que celles exposées a 0, 4 ou 15°C avaient une viabilité entre 23 et 36%. La viabilité la plus faible, 22%, a été trouvée parmi les oospores exposées a 36°C. Même si la germination des oospores était faible (6-19%), celles-ci pourraient servir de source initiale d'inoculum. Parm...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of oospores ofPhytophthora infestansunder field conditions in northeastern North America

Medina

Platt

1999

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…The ease with which large progenies can now be established in the laboratory will, however, be of value in the genetical analysis of P. infestans. Earlier work (Rotnero & Erwin, 1967, 1969Laviola & Gallegly, 1983), using patents frotn Mexico and Puerto Rico, was inconclusive due tnainly to the difficulty of establishing enough sexual progeny. A diploid (or perhaps polyploid) pattern of inheritance typical of oosporic fungi (Sansotne, 1977;Shaw, 1983) would be expected and it should be possible to identify and characterize the virulence genes which have been predicted for so long (Black, 1952).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the rare A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans on imported Egyptian potatoes and the production of sexual progeny with A1 mating types from the UK

et al. 1985

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“…Using differential lines of potato, each thought to carry a single dominant gene for late-blight resistance derived from Solanum demissum, we have confirmed the frequent variation among isolates in their virulence phenotypes (Umaerus et al, 1983). We have extended work on the genetics of virulence begun by Romero & Erwin (1969) and Laviola & Gallegly (1983) using matings of parents of differing virulence phenotype (Al-Kherb, Shattock & Shaw, pers. comm.).…”

Section: The Genetics Of Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative genetics of Phytophthora¹

Shaw

1990

EPPO Bulletin

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Mechanisms generating variation in Phytophthora are assessed. Patterns of inheritance are typically those of a diploid organism. The increasing availability of single gene markers is allowing the breeding system in heterothallic species to be defined. The genetics of virulence and fungicide resistance is summarized; somatic recombination and variation in chromosome number is discussed. Rapid advances in basic genetics, population genetics and evolution are expected through the application of the new techniques for manipulating DNA in vitro. The complexity of the problem is not underestimated.

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Genetic Recombination and Mode of Inheritance of Pathogenic Characters by Phytophthora infestans Through Sexual Reproduction

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Viability of oospores ofPhytophthora infestansunder field conditions in northeastern North America

Viability of oospores ofPhytophthora infestansunder field conditions in northeastern North America

Occurrence of the rare A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans on imported Egyptian potatoes and the production of sexual progeny with A1 mating types from the UK

The comparative genetics of Phytophthora¹

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Genetic Recombination and Mode of Inheritance of Pathogenic Characters by Phytophthora infestans Through Sexual Reproduction

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Viability of oospores ofPhytophthora infestansunder field conditions in northeastern North America

Viability of oospores ofPhytophthora infestansunder field conditions in northeastern North America

Occurrence of the rare A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans on imported Egyptian potatoes and the production of sexual progeny with A1 mating types from the UK

The comparative genetics of Phytophthora1

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The comparative genetics of Phytophthora¹