Genetic regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: From gene to genome

Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Inhibition by Antagonistic Plants and Microorganisms

“…The biosynthetic pathway of AF is one of the best known pathways of secondary metabolism in microorganisms (Trail et al, 1995). Our current understanding about chemistry and molecular biology of AF biosynthesis is a direct consequence of bioconversion experiments using several blocked mutants as well as successful cloning and characterization of the majority of the AF biosynthetic pathway genes (Georgianna and Payne, 2009). About 30 genes and related intermediates are involved in the production of AFs.…”

A PKS gene, pks-1, is involved in chaetoglobosin biosynthesis, pigmentation and sporulation in Chaetomium globosum

“…Molecular studies have also been performed to determine the biosynthetic principle of important bioactive polyketides, such as aflatoxin [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Regulatory networks governing secondary metabolism have been gradually uncovered in several fungal species, for example, the central roles of the G protein-cAMP-PKA pathway and the LaeA and VeA protein complex have been determined [19,[23][24][25].…”

Anti-aflatoxigenic Effect of Some Lactobacillus Species on Aspergillus flavus by Using Real – Time - q PCR

“…Clustered biosynthetic genes for fungal secondary metabolism were not only regulated by specific transcription factors, as a global epigenetic control mechanism might be conducted by genes, beyond the biosynthetic cluster, which were able to regulate multiple physiological processes and the response to environmental and nutritional factors such as temperature, pH, light, carbon and nitrogen sources (Georgianna & Payne, 2009 Jamali et al (2013) purpose that a significant reduction in the expression of aflR gene in curcumin-exposed A. parasiticus is responsible in part not only for AFB 1 inhibition by the fungus, but also for down regulating other genes studied. Another possible explanation was that regulation of AF cluster gene expression was complex, and factors other than transcript levels of aflR and aflS were important in its regulation.…”