Genetic relatedness and female spatial organization in a solitary carnivore, the raccoon, <i>Procyon lotor</i>

Ratnayeke, Shyamala; Tuskan, Gerald A.; Pelton, Michael R.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01505.x

Cited by 81 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For raccoons (Procyon lotor), Ratnayeke et al (2002) confirmed the corollary expectation that local females are genetically more similar than males. If females remain close to their natal site (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Genetic consequences of sex-biased dispersal in a solitary carnivore: Yellowstone cougars

et al. 2006

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Male-biased dispersal is a common trait in mammals, including carnivores, but its genetic consequences at the population level have been rarely considered for solitary species. We used long-term genetic data from cougars (Puma concolor) in and around Yellowstone National Park to test predictions based on differences in dispersal behaviour among males and females. Consistent with frequent long-distance dispersal of males, we found support for our prediction of less than expected allele sharing in pair-wise comparisons. In contrast, female residents present at the same time and females separated by few generations failed to share more alleles than expected, contrary to our predictions based on limited female dispersal. However, we find that genetic contributions of females with higher reproductive success were still noticeable in subsequent generations, consistent with female offspring showing fidelity to their natal area. These results highlight the importance of male dispersal for inbreeding avoidance, but do not indicate that short-distance dispersal or philopatry in female cougars results in spatial clustering of related individuals.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Genetic consequences of sex-biased dispersal in a solitary carnivore: Yellowstone cougars

et al. 2006

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“…Average gene diversity across all loci (Nei, 1987) within Table 2. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for individuals from Emas National Park and Pantanal using Nei and Li (1979) (Cooper, 2000), carnivores (Ratnayeke et al, 2002), and primates (Neveu et al, 1998). Few studies using the RAPD technique have been reported on cervid species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of two Brazilian populations of the Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus 1758)

et al. 2007

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The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is one of the most endangered Neotropical cervid with populations that have been drastically reduced to small and isolated ones, mainly because of its habitat destruction. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze population divergence and genetic variation within and between two populations corresponding to distinct subspecies. The RAPD markers displayed substantial genetic variation with all animals possessing unique RAPD phenotypes over 105 polymorphic bands produced by 15 primers. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and a neighbor-joining cluster analysis were performed to assess levels of differentiation between populations. No differentiation was recorded and about 96.0% (P < 0.00001) of the total variance was attributable to variation within populations. This result is quite distinct from data obtained by the analysis of the mtDNA control region, and is discussed on the basis of genetic differences between the different markers and the male-biased dispersal patterns generally observed in the mammal species. The data presented herein are potentially useful for future taxonomic and genetic studies in this species, for the monitoring of the genetic variation observed within these populations, and for the development of management guidelines for its conservation.Keywords: Cervidae, Ozotoceros bezoarticus, RAPD, genetic diversity, population structure. Diversidade genética de duas populações brasileiras de Veado-campeiro (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus 1758)Resumo O Veado-campeiro (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) é uma das espécies de cervídeos neotropical mais ameaçadas devido à destruição de seu hábitat e conseqüente redução e isolamento de suas populações. Marcadores do tipo RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) foram utilizados na análise da divergência populacional e estimativa da variação genética dentro e entre duas populações correspondentes a diferentes subespécies. Os marcadores RAPD mostraram uma variação genética substancial, sendo que as 105 bandas polimórficas obtidas pelo uso de 15 primers produziram fenótipos únicos para todos os indivíduos analisados. Para avaliar o nível de diferenciação entre as populações, foi realizada uma análise da variância molecular (AMOVA) e uma análise de agrupamento utilizando o método de neighbor-joining. Nenhuma diferenciação foi observada, sendo aproximadamente 96,0% da variação encontrada atribuída à variação dentro das populações estudadas. Este resultado difere do obtido através da análise da região controle do mtDNA, e é discutido levando-se em consideração as diferenças genéticas entre os diferentes marcadores utilizados e o padrão de dispersão geralmente observado nas espécies de mamíferos (realizada principalmente pelos machos). Os dados aqui apresentados poderão ser úteis para futuros estudos taxonômicos e genéticos desta espécie, para o monitoramento da variação genética observada em suas populações e para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo para sua conservação.Palavras...

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“…Their study revealed that local populations sorted into two distinct groups, exhibiting either significantly greater or lesser (non-significant) levels of kin-structure than would be expected at random, a pattern primarily driven by the fact that contributions to population persistence stemming from immigration versus natality differed markedly among local populations. This finding, in combination with strong evidence for a high degree of site fidelity of female raccoons to their natal patch (Gehrt and Fritzell 1998, Ratnayeke et al 2002, Cullingham et al 2008, Dharmarajan et a. 2009, Beasley et al 2013, led (Dharmarajan et al 2014) to hypothesize that significant spatial variation in vital rates exists for raccoons inhabiting fragmented agricultural ecosystems, consistent with expectations of a sourcesink population structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…However, we believe apparent survival of adult female raccoons closely resembles true survival in our study area. Dispersal in raccoons is male-biased (Ratnayeke et al 2002, Cullingham et al 2008, Dharmarajan et al 2009) and predominantly occurs between 0.5 and 1.5 years of age (Gehrt 2003). Moreover, adult females maintain small home ranges within our study area (58 ha) and no permanent emigration was observed among 37 females tracked using radiotelemetry during previous research conducted within our study landscape (maximum home range size was 160 ha; Beasley et al 2007.…”

Section: Population Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Melding kin structure and demography to elucidate source and sink habitats in fragmented landscapes

2015

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Citation: Beasley, J. C., G. Dharmarajan, and O. E. Rhodes, Jr. 2015. Melding kin structure and demography to elucidate source and sink habitats in fragmented landscapes. Ecosphere 6(4):61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00274.1Abstract. The source-sink model undoubtedly is one of the most established paradigms for associating variance in population dynamics with heterogeneity in habitat quality. However, despite extensive theoretical support by the scientific community, the majority of studies seeking empirical validation for this model have lacked sufficient data to distinguish source and sink habitats, particularly for large or secretive mammals. Using relatively long-term mark-recapture and genetic data for a generalist mesopredator within a fragmented agricultural ecosystem, we show that use of a two-stage approach incorporating both genetic and demographic data can be a powerful tool for evaluating the population structure of organisms occupying complex ecological systems. We further demonstrate that a strong concordance exists between demographic attributes and underlying genetic expectations, suggesting evaluation of fine-scale genetic patterns alone may provide valuable insights into the population dynamics of species. These data have important implications for advancing our ability to quantify heterogeneity in population stability, particularly for large or imperiled species where sufficient demographic data cannot be obtained to parameterize traditional source-sink models.

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Genetic relatedness and female spatial organization in a solitary carnivore, the raccoon, Procyon lotor

Cited by 81 publications

References 53 publications

Genetic consequences of sex-biased dispersal in a solitary carnivore: Yellowstone cougars

Genetic consequences of sex-biased dispersal in a solitary carnivore: Yellowstone cougars

Genetic diversity of two Brazilian populations of the Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus 1758)

Melding kin structure and demography to elucidate source and sink habitats in fragmented landscapes

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