Genetic Relatedness of Mycoplasmalike Organisms Detected in<i>Ulmus</i>spp. in the United States and Italy by Means of DNA Probes and Polymerase Chain Reactions

Lee, I.-M.; Davis, Robert E.; Sinclair, W. A.; Dewitt, Natalied .; Conti, M.

doi:10.1094/phyto-83-829

Cited by 58 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…EY phytoplasma strains (EY1 T , EY125, EY626 and others) have caused a decline in American elms in North America and Eurasian elm species and hybrids in several European countries (Griffiths et al, 1999a;Lee et al, 1993aLee et al, , 1995Marcone et al, 1997;Mäurer et al, 1993;Sinclair et al, 1976). Strain EY1 T is the reference phytoplasma strain for the EY phytoplasma group (Lee et al, 1993b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of phytoplasma strains in the elm yellows group (16SrV) and proposal of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ for the phytoplasma associated with elm yellows

Lee¹,

Martini

Marcone

et al. 2004

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

252

251

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Elm yellows group (16SrV) phytoplasmas, which are associated with devastating diseases in elm, grapevine, blackberry, cherry, peach and several other plant species in America, Europe and Asia, represent one of the most diverse phytoplasma clusters. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, elm yellows group phytoplasmas form a discrete subclade within the phytoplasma clade. Three phylogenetic parameters, namely 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein and secY genes, have been evaluated for their usefulness in differentiating elm yellows group phytoplasmas. RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA sequences differentiated the elm yellows group phytoplasmas into five subgroups. Twelve RFLP subgroups were differentiated on the basis of ribosomal protein and 13 were differentiated using secY gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal protein genes and secY gene alone or in combination indicated that the subgroups constitute 12 genetically distinct lineages, each of which appears to have evolved under different ecological constraints such as specific vector or plant hosts. On the basis of unique DNA and biological properties, it is proposed that the elm yellows phytoplasma EY1T represents a novel taxon, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of phytoplasma strains in the elm yellows group (16SrV) and proposal of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ for the phytoplasma associated with elm yellows

Lee¹,

Martini

Marcone

et al. 2004

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

252

251

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“…Traditionally, in phytoplasma studies, pathogen identification and classification have relied primarily on comparative studies and their biological properties such as symptoms induced in diseased hosts, identity of plant species susceptible to infection, and specificity of phytoplasma transmission by insect vectors (Schaff et al,1992). The recent development of phytoplasma-specific molecular probes for DNA hybridization assays has provided a rapid and reliable means of phytoplasma diagnosis and classification (Hiruki, 1992;Lee et al 1993a;Sears and Kirkpatrick, 1994). To date molecular differentiation of similar phytoplasma strains has been studied mainly on the basis of DNA sequence homologies and DNA polymorphisms (Kuske et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991Lee et al, , 1993aLee et al, , 1994Namba et al, 1993;Schneider et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent development of phytoplasma-specific molecular probes for DNA hybridization assays has provided a rapid and reliable means of phytoplasma diagnosis and classification (Hiruki, 1992;Lee et al 1993a;Sears and Kirkpatrick, 1994). To date molecular differentiation of similar phytoplasma strains has been studied mainly on the basis of DNA sequence homologies and DNA polymorphisms (Kuske et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991Lee et al, , 1993aLee et al, , 1994Namba et al, 1993;Schneider et al, 1993). Currently, two common schemes for classification are in use; one based on polymorphisms in 16S rDNA (James et at., 1993;Lee et al, 1993a;Namba et al, 1993;Zhong and Hiruki, 1994) and the other on homology of a few random fragments of chromosomal DNA (Kirkpatrick et at., 1987;Kuske et at., 1991;Lee et at., 1991Lee et at., , 1993bNakashima et at., 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date molecular differentiation of similar phytoplasma strains has been studied mainly on the basis of DNA sequence homologies and DNA polymorphisms (Kuske et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991Lee et al, , 1993aLee et al, , 1994Namba et al, 1993;Schneider et al, 1993). Currently, two common schemes for classification are in use; one based on polymorphisms in 16S rDNA (James et at., 1993;Lee et al, 1993a;Namba et al, 1993;Zhong and Hiruki, 1994) and the other on homology of a few random fragments of chromosomal DNA (Kirkpatrick et at., 1987;Kuske et at., 1991;Lee et at., 1991Lee et at., , 1993bNakashima et at., 1992). To fully understand genetic relationships among a variety of phytoplasmas and their molecular genetic composition, the use of only a few DNA fragment sequences for differentiation of phytoplasmas is not sufficient.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amplification of Paulownia Phytoplasma DNA Fragments by Random Primed-PCR.

Zhong

Hiruki

1994

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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Abstract:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect genomic differences between healthy and paulownia witches'-broom (PaWB)-affected paulownia plants using fifteen primer-pair combinations derived from five randomly synthesized primers based on the P1-like adhesin gene sequence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Upon comparing the PCR product profiles between healthy and PaWB-affected paulownia DNA samples, three types of PCR profiles were observed. Firstly, some bands were amplified from both healthy and PaWB-affected paulownia DNA samples; secondly, some DNA bands were amplified only from PaWB-affected paulownia DNA samples; thirdly, a few DNA bands were amplified only from healthy paulownia DNA samples. DNA amplified from PaWB-affected paulownia DNA samples hybridized only with PaWB-affected paulownia DNA samples, suggesting the DNA was derived from paulownia phytoplasma genome.Key words: Diagnosis; phytoplasma genome; gene cloning.Introduction. Phytoplasmas are associated with diseases in many plant species (Sears and Kirkpatrick, 1994), but the inability thus far to isolate phytoplasmas in pure culture has made them become among the most difficult plant pathogens to diagnose rapidly and accurately. Traditionally, in phytoplasma studies, pathogen identification and classification have relied primarily on comparative studies and their biological properties such as symptoms induced in diseased hosts, identity of plant species susceptible to infection, and specificity of phytoplasma transmission by insect vectors (Schaff et al.,1992). The recent development of phytoplasma-specific molecular probes for DNA hybridization assays has provided a rapid and reliable means of phytoplasma diagnosis and classification (Hiruki, 1992;Lee et al. 1993a;Sears and Kirkpatrick, 1994). To date molecular differentiation of similar phytoplasma strains has been studied mainly on the basis of DNA sequence homologies and DNA polymorphisms (Kuske et al., 1991;Lee et al., 1991Lee et al., , 1993aLee et al., , 1994Namba et al., 1993;Schneider et al., 1993). Currently, two common schemes for classification are in use; one based on polymorphisms in 16S rDNA (James et at., 1993;Lee et al., 1993a;Namba et al., 1993;Zhong and Hiruki, 1994) and the other on homology of a few random fragments of chromosomal DNA (Kirkpatrick et at., 1987;Kuske et at., 1991;Lee et at., 1991Lee et at., , 1993bNakashima et at., 1992). To fully understand genetic relationships among a variety of phytoplasmas and their molecular genetic composition, the use of only a few DNA fragment sequences for differentiation of phytoplasmas is not sufficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clone a variety of DNA fragments from phytoplasma genomes. However, traditional phytoplasma DNA cloning methods involve several time-consuming and laborous procedures, such as random DNA cloning of total plant DNA extracted from plants infected with phytoplasma, and random DNA hybridization selection. Recently, Williams et al. (1990) developed a procedure by which polymorphic

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“…As amostras consistiram de folhas denominadas "folha +1", que corresponde à folha fotossintetizante mais ativa da planta, sendo a primeira folha imediatamente abaixo do cartucho e que apresenta o colarinho visível. Extrações de DNA total foram feitas de acordo com protocolo de Lee et al (1993). PCR duplo foi conduzido usando-se na primeira reação o par de "primers" P1/Tint (Deng & Hiruki, 1991;Smart et al,1996) e na segunda reação o par R16F2n/R2 (Gundersen & Lee,1996), que amplifica um fragmento da região do 16S rDNA, de 1,2 kb.…”

unclassified

Ocorrência de fitoplasma associado à síndrome do amarelecimento foliar da cana-de-açúcar em três regiões do Estado de São Paulo

Silva¹,

Bedendo²,

Casagrande³

2008

Trop. plant pathol.

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A cultura da cana-de-açúcar é uma das mais importantes e antigas do Brasil e do estado de São Paulo, assumindo grande importância sócio-econômica, gerando aproximadamente 11,5 bilhões de reais ao ano, e mais de cinco milhões de empregos diretos e indiretos (FNP Consultoria e Comércio, 2006). Informações adicionais mostram que nas últimas safras, o estado de São Paulo contribuiu com 60% da moagem nacional, totalizando 255.140.812 toneladas de colmos processados, colocando a cultura da cana-de-açúcar como responsável por 35% do PIB estadual.Estudos recentes revelam que em razão da expansão na produção de etanol, as lavouras de cana-de-açúcar devem ocupar uma área 66,6% superior aos atuais 6,16 milhões de hectares, nos próximos doze anos. Ainda, o estudo "Projeções do Agronegócio no Brasil e no Mundo", recém-concluído pela Assessoria de Gestão Estratégica do Ministério da Agricultura, também indicou que o percentual da cana sobre o total plantado, no país, saltará nada menos que 42,2%, passando dos atuais 11,6% para 16,5% na safra 2017/18, correspondendo a 10,3 milhões de hectares. Com isso, a produção de etanol prevista saltaria 120%, passando de 18,9 bilhões para 41,7 bilhões de litros (Única, 2007).A relevância econômica atual da cultura da canade-açúcar e a projeção da expansão da área plantada RESUMOUma doença conhecida como síndrome do amarelecimento foliar da cana-de-açúcar ou amarelinho causou danos expressivos à cultura no estado de São Paulo, na década de noventa. A síndrome também foi registrada em outros países e investigações sobre a etiologia evidenciaram a associação da doença com vírus e fitoplasma, de forma isolada ou simultânea. A doença é potencialmente importante e ocorre endemicamente no estado paulista, por esta razão o presente estudo buscou demonstrar a ocorrência do fitoplasma em três tradicionais regiões produtoras de cana, localizadas no estado de São Paulo, através da detecção molecular deste agente em plantas naturalmente infectadas. Para isto, plantas sintomáticas das variedades SP71-6163, SP71-6180 e SP89-1115 foram amostradas em Piracicaba, Jaú e Ribeirão Preto e a partir do tecido foliar foi extraído o DNA total. PCR duplo foi processado com os "primers" P1/Tint-16F2n/R2 e os produtos foram analisados por eletroforese em gel de agarose. Amplificações de fragmentos de DNA de 1,2 kb evidenciaram a presença de fitoplasma em 36% das plantas sintomáticas e revelaram a sua ocorrência nas três regiões amostradas. Os resultados demonstraram a associação do fitoplasma com a doença e a importância de se manter uma atenta vigilância nos campos e viveiros, bem como buscar genótipos com bom nível de resistência nos programas de melhoramento. Palavras chave: Saccharum spp., Mollicutes, procariotos fitopatogênicos. ABSTRACT Occurrence of phytoplasma associated with sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome in three regions of São Paulo State, BrazilSugarcane yellow leaf syndrome caused serious damage to crops in the São Paulo State, Brazil, in the 1990's. The syndrome was also reported in other countries and...

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Genetic Relatedness of Mycoplasmalike Organisms Detected inUlmusspp. in the United States and Italy by Means of DNA Probes and Polymerase Chain Reactions

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Classification of phytoplasma strains in the elm yellows group (16SrV) and proposal of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ for the phytoplasma associated with elm yellows

Classification of phytoplasma strains in the elm yellows group (16SrV) and proposal of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ for the phytoplasma associated with elm yellows

Amplification of Paulownia Phytoplasma DNA Fragments by Random Primed-PCR.

Ocorrência de fitoplasma associado à síndrome do amarelecimento foliar da cana-de-açúcar em três regiões do Estado de São Paulo

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