Genetic Relationships between Indians and Their Neighboring Populations

Roychoudhury, A. K.; Nei, Masatoshi

doi:10.1159/000153545

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A previous observation of gene frequency data for 18 protein and blood group loci suggested that Sinhalese are Ancestral alleles (111A of SLC24A5 and 374L of SLC45A2) are indicated by blue, and derived alleles (111T of SLC24A5 and 374F of SLC45A2) are indicated by red closer to Iranians and Afghans than to Mongoloids [18] and that the constitutions of the FUT2 allele of Sinhalese and Tamils are similar [21]. Thus, there is little or no genetic flow from neighboring East or Southeast Asian populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Population differences of two coding SNPs in pigmentation-related genes SLC24A5 and SLC45A2

2006

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The two genes SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 were recently identified as major determinants of pigmentation in humans and in other vertebrates. The allele p.A111T in the former gene and the allele p.L374F in the latter gene are both nearly fixed in light-skinned Europeans, and can therefore be considered ancestry informative marker (AIMs). AIMs are becoming useful for forensic identification of the phenotype from a DNA profile sampled, for example, from a crime scene. Here, we generate new allelic data for these two genes from samples of Chinese, Uygurs, Ghanaians, South African Xhosa, South African Europeans, and Sri Lankans (Tamils and Sinhalese). Our data confirm the earlier results and furthermore demonstrate that the SLC45A2 allele is a more specific AIM than the SLC24A5 allele because the former clearly distinguishes the Sri Lankans from the Europeans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Population differences of two coding SNPs in pigmentation-related genes SLC24A5 and SLC45A2

2006

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“…However, studies based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) have shown that Sinhalese are more likely to originate from the Aryans than the Dravidians [30]. Sinhalese are genetically closer to Caucasoid populations than to other neighboring Mongoloid populations [31]. The history of Sri Lanka has been based on the Mahavansa , the great chronicle of Sri Lanka, which was written by the Mahanama thero in the fifth century AD [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in digital dermatoglyphic traits among Sinhalese people in Sri Lanka

Wijerathne

Rathnayake²,

Adikari³

et al. 2013

J Physiol Anthropol

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate gender-wise diversity of digital dermatoglyphic traits in a sample of Sinhalese people in Sri Lanka.FindingsFour thousand and thirty-four digital prints of 434 Sinhalese individuals (217 males and 217 females) were examined for their digital dermatoglyphic pattern distribution. The mean age for the entire group was 23.66 years (standard deviation = 4.93 years). The loop pattern is observed more frequently (n = 2,592, 59.72%) compared to whorl (n = 1,542, 35.53%) and arch (n = 206, 4.75%) in the Sinhalese population. Females (n = 1,274, 58.71%) have a more ulnar loop pattern than males (n = 1,231, 56.73%). The plain whorl pattern is observed more frequently in males (n = 560, 25.81%) compared to females (n = 514, 23.69%).The double loop pattern is observed more frequently on the right and left thumb (digit 1) of both males and females. Pattern intensity index, Dankmeijer index and Furuhata index are higher in males.ConclusionsUlnar loop is the most frequently occurring digital dermatoglyphic pattern among the Sinhalese. All pattern indices are higher in males. To some extent, dermatoglyphic patterns of Sinhalese are similar to North Indians and other Caucasoid populations. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to confirm our findings.

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“…The first systematic surveys of human variation in India focused on anthropometric traits, and found that India is structured along lines of ethnicity as well as geography1, a result that has since been confirmed by blood group, protein polymorphism2,3 and genetic analysis4. Genetic studies have further documented differences in relatedness to West Eurasians5,6,7,8, while mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies have shown that India harbors deep rooted lineages that share no common ancestry with groups outside of South Asia for tens of thousands of years9.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reconstructing Indian population history

Reich

Thangaraj

Patterson

et al. 2009

Nature

1,496

1,868

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India has been underrepresented in genome-wide surveys of human variation. We analyze 25 diverse groups to provide strong evidence for two ancient populations, genetically divergent, that are ancestral to most Indians today. One, the “Ancestral North Indians” (ANI), is genetically close to Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans, while the other, the “Ancestral South Indians” (ASI), is as distinct from ANI and East Asians as they are from each other. By introducing methods that can estimate ancestry without accurate ancestral populations, we show that ANI ancestry ranges from 39-71% in India, and is higher in traditionally upper caste and Indo-European speakers. Groups with only ASI ancestry may no longer exist in mainland India. However, the Andamanese are an ASI-related group without ANI ancestry, showing that the peopling of the islands must have occurred before ANI-ASI gene flow on the mainland. Allele frequency differences between groups in India are larger than in Europe, reflecting strong founder effects whose signatures have been maintained for thousands of years due to endogamy. We therefore predict that there will be an excess of recessive diseases in India, different in each group, which should be possible to screen and map genetically.

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Genetic Relationships between Indians and Their Neighboring Populations

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Population differences of two coding SNPs in pigmentation-related genes SLC24A5 and SLC45A2

Population differences of two coding SNPs in pigmentation-related genes SLC24A5 and SLC45A2

Sexual dimorphism in digital dermatoglyphic traits among Sinhalese people in Sri Lanka

Reconstructing Indian population history

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