The mineralogy, as well as the geochemistry
of feed coals, are
very important parameters for understanding the process conditions
in a thermal plant. The present paper describes the nanomineralogical
and geochemical aspects of a few feed coals and associated coal fly
ashes collected from tea processing and brick-making industries from
Northeast India. The optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, field
emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy
(FESEM-EDS), and chemical analysis techniques were applied to determine
this mineralogical and geochemical aspect. Inductively coupled-mass
spectroscopy was used to explore the occurrence and distribution of
trace and rare earth elements (REEs), which are economically important,
and are reported in this paper. The major minerals such as kaolinite,
pyrite, quartz, and calcite were found to be present in the feed coals
with variations with respect to the type of feed samples. The FESEM-EDS
analysis revealed the occurrence of nanosphere consisiting of Al–Si–Fe–S
and Al–Si–Mg–As compounds. The potentially hazardous
elements (PHEs) including Hg, As, Pd, Cd, Sn, Ni, and Co were also
found in fly ash samples. The REE abundances are observed to be considerably
low in comparison to world average coal. A preliminary statistical
analysis of the chemical parameters, trace and rare earth elements in the coals is performed
to understand their mutual correlations.