Genetic resources as initial material for developing new soft winter wheat varieties

Kirian, V.M.; Кирьян, М В; Вискуб, Р. С.

doi:10.21498/2518-1017.4(33).2016.88570

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“…Â³äîìî, ùî âåëè÷èíà âðîaeàþ çåðíà -öå ³íòåãðàëüíèé ïîêàçíèê ïðîäóê-òèâíîñò³ ðîñëèí, ùî ïðÿìî çàëåaeèòü â³ä ê³ëüê³ñíîãî âèÿâó êîaeíîãî ñòðóêòóðíîãî åëå-ìåíòà òà óìîâ çîâí³øíüîãî ñåðåäîâèùà [17]. Áóëè ïðîàíàë³çîâàí³ òàê³ åëåìåíòè ñòðóêòó-ðè ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³, ÿê äîâaeèíà êîëîñà, ïî-êàçíèê ïðîäóêòèâíîãî êóù³ííÿ, ê³ëüê³ñòü êîëîñê³â ³ ê³ëüê³ñòü çåðåí ç âîëîò³, ìàñà çåð-íà ç âîëîò³, ìàñà 1000 çåðåí (òàáë.…”

Section: ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äAeåíüunclassified

Potential of introduced oat samples under the conditions of the southern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

Холод

2017

Plant Varieties Studying and Protection

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сортовивчення та охорона прав на сорти рослин, 2017, Т. 13, №2 Ñåëåêö³ÿ òà íàñ³ííèöòâî ÂñòóïÇåðíîâ³ êóëüòóðè ïîñ³äàþòü ïåðøå ì³ñöå çà îáñÿãàìè âèðîáíèöòâà ñåðåä óñ³õ ñ³ëüñü-êîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ êóëüòóð. Àäaeå, íàñàìïå-ðåä, öå -õë³á, ïðîäóêòè õàð÷óâàííÿ òà êîð-ìè äëÿ òâàðèí. Çíà÷íîþ º é ÷àñòêà â³âñà. Îñíîâíèìè âèðîáíèêàìè ö³º¿ êóëüòóðè â ñâ³-ò³ º ªâðîïåéñüêèé Ñîþç (27 êðà¿í), Ðîñ³éñüêà Ôåäåðàö³ÿ òà Êàíàäà. Ðàçîì ö³ êðà¿íè âè-ðîùóþòü ïîíàä 70% ñâ³òîâîãî îáñÿãó â³âñà. Â Óêðà¿í³ îñòàíí³ìè ðîêàìè ï³ä ïîñ³âàìè â³âñà çàéíÿòî 280-310 òèñ. ãà çà ñåðåäíüî¿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ 1,8-2,1 ò/ãà ³ âàëîâèõ çáîð³â çåðíà 500-630 òèñ. ò [1].Îâåñ, ÿê ³ ³íø³ êóëüòóðè, ïðîéøîâ äîâãèé øëÿõ â³ä ïåðâèííèõ ïðèì³òèâíèõ ôîðì äî ñó÷àñíèõ ñîðò³â ôóðàaeíîãî ³ ïðîäîâîëü÷îãî íàïðÿìó âèêîðèñòàííÿ [2]. Â³í çäàâíà â³äî-ìèé ñâî¿ìè âèñîêèìè êîðìîâèìè âëàñòèâîñ-òÿìè. Ïî-ïåðøå, çåðíî â³âñà ìàº íàéâèùèé ñåðåä êóëüòóðíèõ çëàê³â âì³ñò á³ëêà, ïî-äðóãå, éîãî á³ëîê º ïîâíîö³íí³øèì, í³ae á³-ëîê ïøåíèö³, ÿ÷ìåíþ, êóêóðóäçè [3].Çà á³îõ³ì³÷íîþ õàðàêòåðèñòèêîþ çåðíî â³âñà º óí³êàëüíèì çà ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿì âóãëåâîä³â, á³ëê³â ³ aeèð³â (40% êðîõìàëþ, 11-18 -á³ëêà, 4-6,5% aeèð³â). Ïîð³âíÿíî ç ³íøèìè õë³á íèìè çëàêàìè âîíî ì³ñòèòü çíà÷íî á³ëüøå aeèðó. Á³-ëîê áàãàòèé íà òàê³ íåçàì³íí³ àì³íîêèñëîòè, ÿê òðèïòîôàí ³ ë³çèí. Ó çåðí³ â³âñà òàêîae º åô³ðí³ ìàñëà, â³òàì³íè Â1, Â2, Â6, êàðîòèí, â³òàì³í Ê, í³êîòèíîâà êèñëîòà, êàë³é, ìàãí³é, ôîñôîð, çàë³çî, õðîì, ìàðãàíåöü, öèíê, í³-êåëü, ôòîð, éîä òà ³í. Â³âñÿí³ êðóïè ì³ñòÿòü áàãàòî ñ³ðêè, ïîòðåáà â ÿê³é äëÿ îðãàí³çìó ëþäèíè ñòàíîâèòü 4,2 ã íà äîáó, òîìó âîíè º íåçàì³ííèìè â ä³ºòè÷íîìó õàð÷óâàíí³ [2, 4]. Áàãàòèé ñêëàä ³ ð³çíîìàí³ñòü êîðèñíèõ âëàñ-òèâîñòåé äàþòü çìîãó øèðîêî âèêîðèñòîâóâà-òè çåðíî â³âñà â õàð÷îâ³é ïðîìèñëîâîñò³. Çîê-ðåìà, íà õàð÷îâ³ ïîòðåáè ó ñâ³ò³ âèêîðèñòîâó-þòü 16-17% âèðîáëåíîãî çåðíà, çîêðåìà â Äàí³¿, Âåëèêîáðèòàí³¿ òà Í³ìå÷÷èí³ -20%, ó Ðîñ³¿ -9-12, â Óêðà¿í³ 5-8% [5].Íåîáõ³äíîþ óìîâîþ âèð³øåííÿ ïèòàííÿ ïðîäîâîëü÷î¿ òà åíåðãåòè÷íî¿ áåçïåêè êðà¿íè º åôåêòèâíå âèêîðèñòàííÿ ³ çáåðåaeåííÿ ãåíå-òè÷íîãî ð³çíîìàí³òòÿ òà ñòâîðåííÿ íà éîãî áàç³ ãåíîòèï³â ðîñëèí, ÿê³ çàáåçïå÷óþòü ï³ä-âèùåííÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³, ñòàá³ë³çàö³þ âèðîáíèö-òâà ïðîäóêö³¿ ðîñëèííèöòâà ³ íàéá³ëüøîþ ì³ðîþ çàäîâîëüíÿþòü ïîòðåáè ñïîaeèâà÷³â. Îäí³ºþ ç îñíîâíèõ óìîâ óñï³øíî¿ ñåëåêö³éíî¿ ðîáîòè º ìîaeëèâ³ñòü ÿêíàéøèðøîãî âèêî-ðèñòàííÿ ãåíåòè÷íî ð³çíîìàí³òíîãî âèõ³äíî-ãî ìàòåð³àëó ð³çíîãî åêîëîãî-ãåîãðàô³÷íîãî ïîõîäaeåííÿ ç êîìïëåêñîì ö³ííèõ îçíàê ³ âëàñòèâîñòåé [6, 7]. Ïðîáëåìà âèõ³äíîãî ìàòå-ÓÄÊ 633.13:631.52 http://dx

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Section: ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äAeåíüunclassified

Potential of introduced oat samples under the conditions of the southern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

Холод

2017

Plant Varieties Studying and Protection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Genetic resources as initial material for developing new soft winter wheat varieties

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

Potential of introduced oat samples under the conditions of the southern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

Potential of introduced oat samples under the conditions of the southern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

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