Genetic Resources of Almond Species in the Former USSR

Zaurov, David E.; Eisenman, Sasha W.; Ford, T.M.; Khokhlov, S.; Kenjebaev, Sovetbek; Shalpykov, K.T.; Funk, C. R.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.50.1.18

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This trend is also favored by the almond industry needs. Only in some regions of Central Asia, Middle East, and North Africa, local and well-adapted traditional selections still play an important role in commercial production 26 , 48 – 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedigree analysis of 220 almond genotypes reveals two world mainstream breeding lines based on only three different cultivars

et al. 2021

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Loss of genetic variability is an increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes. However, in almond, little is known about the genetic variability in current breeding stocks, although several cases of inbreeding depression have been reported. To gain insights into the genetic structure in modern breeding programs worldwide, marker-verified pedigree data of 220 almond cultivars and breeding selections were analyzed. Inbreeding coefficients, pairwise relatedness, and genetic contribution were calculated for these genotypes. The results reveal two mainstream breeding lines based on three cultivars: “Tuono”, “Cristomorto”, and “Nonpareil”. Descendants from “Tuono” or “Cristomorto” number 76 (sharing 34 descendants), while “Nonpareil” has 71 descendants. The mean inbreeding coefficient of the analyzed genotypes was 0.041, with 14 genotypes presenting a high inbreeding coefficient, over 0.250. Breeding programs from France, the USA, and Spain showed inbreeding coefficients of 0.075, 0.070, and 0.037, respectively. According to their genetic contribution, modern cultivars from Israel, France, the USA, Spain, and Australia trace back to a maximum of six main founding genotypes. Among the group of 65 genotypes carrying the Sf allele for self-compatibility, the mean relatedness coefficient was 0.125, with “Tuono” as the main founding genotype (24.7% of total genetic contribution). The results broaden our understanding about the tendencies followed in almond breeding over the last 50 years and will have a large impact into breeding decision-making process worldwide. Increasing current genetic variability is required in almond breeding programs to assure genetic gain and continuing breeding progress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedigree analysis of 220 almond genotypes reveals two world mainstream breeding lines based on only three different cultivars

et al. 2021

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“…Conversely, publications suggest that P. ledebouriana and P. tenella have sufficient morphological differences to separate them into two distinct species ( Zaurov et al, 2015 ; Orazov et al, 2020 ). Plant height is one of the most prominent traits used to differentiate these species ( Mushegyan, 1962 ; Vintereoller, 1976 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant height variation and genetic diversity between Prunus ledebouriana (Schlecht.) YY Yao and Prunus tenella Batsch based on using SSR markers in East Kazakhstan

Orazov,

Yermagambetova,

Myrzagaliyeva

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background Genetic differences between isolated endemic populations of plant species and those with widely known twin species are relevant for conserving the biological diversity of our planet’s flora. Prunus ledebouriana (Schlecht.) YY Yao is an endangered and endemic species of shrub almond from central Asia. Few studies have explored this species, which is closely related and morphologically similar to the well-known Prunus tenella Batsch. In this article, we present a comparative analysis of studies of three P. ledebouriana populations and one close population of P. tenella in Eastern Kazakhstan in order to determine the particular geographic mutual replacement of the two species. Methods The populations were collected from different ecological niches, including one steppe population near Ust-Kamenogorsk (P. tenella) and three populations (P. ledebouriana) in the mountainous area. Estimation of plant height using a t-test suggested a statistically significant difference between the populations and the two species (P < 0.0001). DNA simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were applied to study the two species’ genetic diversity and population structure. Results A total of 19 polymorphic SSR loci were analyzed, and the results showed that the population collected in mountainous areas had a lower variation level than steppe populations. The highest level of Nei’s genetic diversity index was demonstrated in the 4-UK population (0.622) of P. tenella. The lowest was recorded in population 3-KA (0.461) of P. ledebouriana, collected at the highest altitude of the four populations (2,086 meters above sea level). The total genetic variation of P. ledebouriana was distributed 73% within populations and 27% between populations. STRUCTURE results showed that two morphologically similar species diverged starting at step K = 3, with limited population mixing. The results confirmed the morphological and genetic differences between P. tenella and P. ledebouriana and described the level of genetic variation for P. ledebouriana. The study’s results proved that the steppe zone and mountain altitude factor between P. tenella and isolated mountain samples of P. ledebouriana.

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“…Almonds can be found growing in the wild as well as in vegetable gardens, orchards, and forestry. There are approximately 40 different types of almonds known worldwide, and they are distributed in Asia, North and Central America, Southern Europe, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia [1]. Most modern almond varieties are known for their regular fruiting and high yields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on morphological parameters of the sweet almond nut (Amygdalus communis l.)

Namozov,

Yuldashov,

Namozov

2023

E3S Web Conf.

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This article delves into the morphological features of various sweet almond (Amygdalus communis L.) varieties and forms, with the aim of analyzing their characteristics and applying the findings to obtain new types of almonds. Thirteen different sweet almond varieties were studied, including their total weight, kernel mass, number of seeds, and seed ratio. The results showed that one genotype (Qamashi-3) had medium to large nuts, while the other twelve genotypes had small nuts. All genotypes had easily peeled shells. Of the selected varieties, 15.38% were very large, 46.15% were medium to large, and 38.46% were small-fruited. The length, width, and thickness of the nut varied from 22.0 mm to 39.2 mm, 14.0 mm to 23.0 mm, and 11.0 mm to 16.5 mm, respectively. The thickness of the seed coat ranged from 1.5 mm to 3.1 mm. The number of nuts per 1 kg differed across varieties, ranging from 139 to 1076 pieces. Two genotypes had very hard shells (Tosh almond, Qamashi-3), four had hard shells, three had medium-hard shells, and six had soft shells. Most of the genotypes had sweet grains (12 genotypes), while one had a bittersweet taste. Overall, the studied sweet almond genotypes are important for expanding the genetic base in Uzbekistan through hybridization with each other or with standard varieties.

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Genetic Resources of Almond Species in the Former USSR

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Pedigree analysis of 220 almond genotypes reveals two world mainstream breeding lines based on only three different cultivars

Pedigree analysis of 220 almond genotypes reveals two world mainstream breeding lines based on only three different cultivars

Plant height variation and genetic diversity between Prunus ledebouriana (Schlecht.) YY Yao and Prunus tenella Batsch based on using SSR markers in East Kazakhstan

Study on morphological parameters of the sweet almond nut (Amygdalus communis l.)

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