Genetic risk score to improve prediction and treatment in gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the interaction of genetics and the environment that can lead to chronic damage to many organ systems. Genome-wide association studies have identified accumulating single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus. Genetic risk score (GRS) has been utilized to evaluate the incidence risk to improve prediction and optimize treatments. This article reviews the research progress in the use of the GRS in diabetes mellitus in recent years and discusses future prospects.

A Simplified Screening Model to Predict the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Caucasian and Latin American Pregnant Women

“…Combining well-known environmental GDM risk factors and genetic variants associated with T2DM and GDM entails a more informative strategy than the current one. In fact, the genetics of GDM are not fully understood and although some studies evaluated genetic data through genetic risk scores, other additional parameters could be further included and merged to enhance results [12].…”

“…SPNs from different genes such as TCF7L2, GCK, KCNJ11, IGF2BP2, IRS1 [11], MTNR1B, and CDKAL1 [10,11] have been linked to higher GDM risks. In addition, some studies evaluated genetic data through genetic risk scores (GRSs) [12]. However, their predictive value is sometimes limited, and other indicators might be combined to enhance results.…”

Associations between a polygenic risk score and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population: a case-control study

“…To address this and to better comprehend the intricate interplay between genetics and diabetes, including GDM, the application of a polygenic risk score (PRS) has been proposed [8]. The use of a PRS represents a valuable genetic analysis strategy that combines information from multiple genetic loci to predict an individual's susceptibility to developing a disease (or a specific clinical trait) and to evaluate the predictive capacity of associated genetic variations for the disease [9].…”

“…Extensive research has consistently shown that the utilization of a PRS enhances the accuracy of predicting the risk of T2DM [10,11], but there is a paucity of studies investigating the applicability of PRS in predicting GDM [9,12]. The pathogenesis of GDM is notably more intricate, as it involves not only the mother's susceptibility to diabetes but also the secretion of various hormones from the placenta, which play roles in maintaining blood glucose levels [13].…”