“…However, the frequency was reported to vary widely between 0% and 70.1% from different populations ( 10 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ). PROP1 mutation frequencies among CPHD patients are highest in Eastern European populations especially Lithuanian, Polish and Hungarian, and also high in Portuguese, Russian and Brazilian cohorts ( 3 , 10 , 12 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ). In contrast, PROP1 mutation rates are usually low in Western and Southern European countries, Australia and in cases with Asian origin, especially in sporadic CPHD patients ( 3 , 6 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 29 ).…”