Genetic Selection for Voluntary Alcohol Consumption in the Albino Rat

Eriksson, Kent

doi:10.1126/science.159.3816.739

Cited by 427 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…The AA and ANA rat lines were among the first lines produced using a bidirectional selection method (Eriksson, 1968) for alcohol preference, and these rats have now been maintained beyond the 100th generation (Sommer et al, 2006). The AA rats have higher levels of dopamine in several brain regions, including striatum and limbic forebrain, than the ANA rats (Ahtee and Eriksson, 1975), and tyrosine hydroxylase activity is also 42% higher in AA than ANA rats (Pispa et al, 1986).…”

Section: Rat Models Of Alcohol-related Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the high alcohol-preferring (HAP) and low alcohol-preferring (LAP) rats (Kitanaka et al, 2004), inbred alcohol-preferring and nonpreferring rats (McBride et al, 2010), and outbred alko alcohol (AA) and alko nonalcohol (ANA) rats (Sinclair et al, 1989;Sommer et al, 2006). A summary of rat and mouse models used in alcohol research is shown in Table 1.The AA and ANA rat lines were among the first lines produced using a bidirectional selection method (Eriksson, 1968) for alcohol preference, and these rats have now been maintained beyond the 100th generation (Sommer et al, 2006). The AA rats have higher levels of dopamine in several brain regions, including striatum and limbic forebrain, than the ANA rats (Ahtee and Eriksson, 1975), and tyrosine hydroxylase activity is also 42% higher in AA than ANA rats (Pispa et al, 1986).…”

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Histamine and H3 Receptor in Alcohol-Related Behaviors

Panula¹,

Nuutinen²

2011

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Data from rat models for alcohol preference and histidine decarboxylase knockout (HDC KO) mice suggest that brain histamine regulates alcohol-related behaviors. Histamine levels are higher in alcohol-preferring than in alcohol-nonpreferring rat brains, and expression of histamine H 3 receptor (H 3 R) is different in key areas for addictive behavior. H 3 R inverse agonists decrease alcohol responding in one alcohol-preferring rat line. Conditioned place preference induced by alcohol is stronger in HDC KO mice than in control mice. The HDC KO mice display a weaker stimulatory response to acute alcohol than the wildtype (WT) mice. In male inbred C57BL/6 mice the H 3 R antagonist ciproxifan inhibits ethanol-evoked stimulation of locomotor activity. Ciproxifan also potentiates the ethanol reward, but does not alone result in the development of place preference.At least in one rat model developed to study alcohol sensitivity high histamine levels are characteristic of the alcohol-insensitive rat line, and lowering brain histamine with a HDC inhibitor increases alcohol sensitivity in the tilting plane test. However, the motor skills of HDC KO mice do not seem to differ from those of the WT mice. Current evidence suggests that the histaminergic system is involved in the regulation of place preference behavior triggered by alcohol, possibly through an interaction with the mesolimbic dopamine system. Histamine may also interact with dopamine in the regulation of the corticostriato-pallido-thalamo-cortical motor pathway and cerebellar mechanisms, which may be important in different motor behaviors beyond alcohol-induced motor disturbances. H 3 R ligands may have significant effects on alcohol addiction. Rat Models of Alcohol-Related BehaviorsSeveral inbred and outbred rat lines with different alcohol preferences have been developed and reported (for a review, see Sinclair et al., 1989;Sommer et al., 2006). These include the high alcohol-preferring (HAP) and low alcohol-preferring (LAP) rats (Kitanaka et al., 2004), inbred alcohol-preferring and nonpreferring rats (McBride et al., 2010), and outbred alko alcohol (AA) and alko nonalcohol (ANA) rats (Sinclair et al., 1989;Sommer et al., 2006). A summary of rat and mouse models used in alcohol research is shown in Table 1.The AA and ANA rat lines were among the first lines produced using a bidirectional selection method (Eriksson, 1968) for alcohol preference, and these rats have now been maintained beyond the 100th generation (Sommer et al., 2006). The AA rats have higher levels of dopamine in several brain regions, including striatum and limbic forebrain, than the ANA rats (Ahtee and Eriksson, 1975), and tyrosine hydroxylase activity is also 42% higher in AA than ANA rats (Pispa et al., 1986). The levels of noradrenaline are also higher in AA rats than in ANA rats in the cortex and limbic areas (Ahtee and Eriksson, 1975). Noradrenaline turnover also appears higher in AA rats, because the levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol are higher in AA rats (Sommer et al.,...

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Section: Rat Models Of Alcohol-related Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histamine and H3 Receptor in Alcohol-Related Behaviors

Panula¹,

Nuutinen²

2011

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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“…The high alcohol-drinking rats (HAD) rats) and their counterpart, low alcohol-drinking rats (LAD-rats), were developed by utilizing a within-family selection and rotational breeding on an N/NIH heterogeneous stock composed of eight inbred lines [15] from Indiana School of Medicine [16]. The third line is the alcoholpreferring Alko Alcohol (AA) and alcohol avoiding Alko nonalcohol (ANA) rats, which were developed by selective breeding from a closed colony of Wistar rats in Helsinki in 1968 [17]. In the 1980s, these lines were mated with the F1 cross of the Brown-Norway and Lewis lines, followed by selective breeding [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Lines of Rats Selectively-Bred for High Alcohol-Drinking Demonstrate Disparate Preferences for Nicotine Self-Administration

Rezvani¹,

Levin²,

Wells³

et al. 2016

J Drug Alcohol Res

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Background. Alcohol and nicotine are commonly coabused. The search for a common core of neural, behavioral, and genetic factors underlying addiction has been the goal of addiction research. Purpose. Genetic predisposition to high alcohol intake has been studied in rats by selectively breeding rats that have high preference for alcohol. The current experiments were conducted to determine if the level of intravenous nicotine administration for the various lines of alcohol-preferring rats differs from that for nonalcohol-preferring controls. Study design. Adult alcohol-naïve selectively-bred alcohol-preferring male rats from four lines (P, AA, HAD-1, sP) and their control nonalcohol-preferring rats (NP, ANA, LAD-1, sNP) were trained and given access to self-administer nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion). Results. The results show that the P rats selfadministered significantly more nicotine than NP rats. In contrast, there were no significant differences in nicotine self-administration between the sP and sNP or the AA and ANA rats. Unexpectedly, high alcohol-drinking HAD-1 rats self-administered significantly less nicotine than low alcohol-drinking LAD-1 rats. Conclusion. This suggests that some genetic factors that underlie high-alcohol intake have more general effects in promoting high nicotine intake tendencies, while other genetic factors are more specific to only heavy drinking.

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“…For example, Mendelson and Mello (1964) found that although rats preferred low-concentration ethanol solutions over water, they preferred water over bourbon whiskey that contained the same concentration of alcohol as the ethanol solutions. Moreover, alcoholic solutions are consumed in greater quantities if they are sweetened with saccharin (Eriksson, 1969) or sucrose (Cox, 1981;Rodgers & McCleam, 1964). In addition, when procedures are used to dull or eliminate rats ' sensitivity to taste or smell, the rats consume solutions containing greater concentrations of alcohol than they otherwise consume (Lester , 1966 In the present study, we investigated rats ' readiness to drink "near beer," an alcohol-free beverage that is indistinguishable from "regular" beer to humans (Cox & Klinger , 1983).…”

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Do rats prefer water, near beer, or beer with ethanol?

Mertz

1985

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Preference of 11 female albino rats for water or beer containing varying amounts of ethanol was tested for 12 h daily across five phases, each lasting 15 days. During Phase 1, the animals had free access to beer containing 3.2% ethanol, beer without ethanol (near beer), and water. During Phases 2, 3, and 4, they had free access to 3.2% beer and water, 4.5% beer and water, and 10% beer and water, respectively. During Phase 5, they again had 3.2% beer, near beer, and water. Between phases, there were 5 days of baseline water consumption. During Phases 1 and 5,3.2% beer was preferred over water, and near beer was overwhelmingly preferred over the other two fluids. In fact , the volume of near beer consumed during Phases 1 and 5, respectively, was 5.2 and 3.3 times the volume of water consumed at baseline. During Phase 2, 3.2% beer was preferred to water, and during Phase 3,4.5% beer was preferred to water. Only when the ethanol concentration reached 10%, during Phase 4, was water preferred to beer.Prior studies of rats ' voluntary consumption of alcohol have found that rats generally prefer alcoholic solutions containing low concentrations of alcohol over water. (Meisch, 1977;Myers & Veale, 1972;Wallgren & Barry, 1970). When both water and an alcoholic solution are available, the proportion of alcoholic solution consumed to total fluid consumed generally decreases progressively as the volume of alcohol in the solution rises above 7.5 % (Wallgren & Barry , 1970).From these studies, it is not clear if rats reject solutions with higher alcohol concentrations because of their aversive gustatory properties, their aversive pharmacological effects, or a combination of these factors. Nevertheless, we know that the taste qualities of alcoholic beverages do affect rats ' readiness to consume them . For example, Mendelson and Mello (1964) found that although rats preferred low-concentration ethanol solutions over water, they preferred water over bourbon whiskey that contained the same concentration of alcohol as the ethanol solutions. Moreover, alcoholic solutions are consumed in greater quantities if they are sweetened with saccharin (Eriksson, 1969) or sucrose (Cox, 1981; Rodgers & McCleam, 1964). In addition, when procedures are used to dull or eliminate rats ' sensitivity to taste or smell, the rats consume solutions containing greater concentrations of alcohol than they otherwise consume (Lester , 1966).

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Genetic Selection for Voluntary Alcohol Consumption in the Albino Rat

Cited by 427 publications

References 10 publications

Histamine and H3 Receptor in Alcohol-Related Behaviors

Histamine and H3 Receptor in Alcohol-Related Behaviors

Different Lines of Rats Selectively-Bred for High Alcohol-Drinking Demonstrate Disparate Preferences for Nicotine Self-Administration

Do rats prefer water, near beer, or beer with ethanol?

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