Genetic structure and diversity of natural and domesticated populations of Citrus medica L. in the Eastern Himalayan region of Northeast India

Abstract

Citron (Citrus medica L.) is a medicinally important species of citrus native to India and occurs in natural forests and home gardens in the foothills of the eastern Himalayan region of northeast India. The wild populations of citron in the region have undergone rapid decline due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances and most of the remaining individuals of citron are found in fragmented natural forests and home gardens in the region. In order to assess the genetic structure and diversity of citron in wild and domesticated populations, we analyzed 219 individuals of C. medica collected from four wild and eight domesticated populations using microsatellite markers. The genetic analysis based on five polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed an average of 13.40 allele per locus. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged between 0.220–0.540 and 0.438–0.733 respectively among the wild and domesticated populations. Domesticated populations showed close genetic relationships as compared to wild populations and pairwise Nei's genetic distance ranged from 0.062 to 2.091 among wild and domesticated populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed higher genetic diversity among‐ than within populations. The analysis of population structure revealed five groups. Mixed ancestry of few individuals of different populations revealed exchange of genetic materials among farmers in the region. Citron populations in the region show high genetic variation. The knowledge gained through this study is invaluable for devising genetically sound strategies for conservation of citron genetic resources in the region.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tangerine and Mandarin Citrus Accessions from Indonesia using SSR and SCoT Markers

“…This suggests that cross-pollination occured mostly in the citrus accessions used in this study. However, the results are contrary to those found by Barbhuiya et al (2015) who discovered a higher variance among populations than within populations in C. medica populations from the Eastern Himalayan. This different of result could be due to the clonal propagation system by grafting, which may have increased the homogenity level at those populations.…”

Multi-trait association study identifies loci associated with tolerance of low phosphorus in Oryza sativa and its wild relatives

“…The alpha value determined by the model-based simulation STRUCTURE 2.3.4 under three circumstances was nearer to zero (0.12) in two instances, which suggests that the individuals are from one population, while the Pup1 gene marker represented with 0.3285 suggests that the variation arising in a specific region might be variation in the Pup 1 indel region. The value of NM (2.0) indicated possible gene flow between the populations and low genetic differentiation for the trait studied 40 , 41 . Therefore, a hypothesis has been proposed that the Pup1 region or gene with low-P tolerance might have been introgressed from O. rufipogon into O. sativa .…”

Conservation biology of the last Italian population of Cistus laurifolius (Cistaceae): demographic structure, reproductive success and population genetics

“…Ten runs for each simulation were averaged using algorithms found in CLUMPP (cluster matching and permutation programme; Jakobsson and Rosenberg 2007) and represented as bar graphs using DISTRUCT (Rosenberg 2004). The membership probability of each individual in every cluster was assessed by the value of Q and each individual was assigned to a specific cluster taking into account a threshold of Q > 0.75 (Atiqur et al 2016).…”