Genetic Structure of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) marajoara (Diptera: Culicidae) in Colombia

Abstract

Abstract. Five Anopheles marajoara Galvão and Damasceno populations, representing diverse ecological conditions, were sampled throughout Colombia and analyzed using nine hypervariable DNA microsatellite loci. The overall genetic diversity ( H = 0.58) was lower than that determined for some Brazilian populations using the same markers. The Caquetá population (Colombia) had the lowest gene diversity ( H = 0.48), and it was the only population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in the remaining four populations was probably caused by the Wahlund effect. The assignment analyses showed two incompletely isolated gene pools separated by the Eastern Andean cordillera. However, other possible geographical barriers (rivers and other mountains) did not play any role in the moderate genetic heterogeneity found among these populations ( F ST = 0.069). These results are noteworthy, because this species is a putative malaria vector in Colombia.

A new mtDNA COI gene lineage closely related to Anopheles janconnae of the Albitarsis complex in the Caribbean region of Colombia

“…marajoara populations from eastern and western Colombia that was higher among the eastern populations. Results of the present study based on the phylogenetic analyses of COI sequences suggest the presence of more than one species of the Albitarsis Complex in Colombia; therefore, results of the previous studies may have been biased, since only Brochero et al (2010) included molecular analyses to support or confirm species identification. The differentiation detected in An.…”

“…marajoara in Colombia (Brochero & Ruiz-García 2006; Brochero et al 2010). These authors found that populations at different locations in Colombia showed departures from HW equilibrium associated with heterozygote deficits because of the Wahlund effect.…”

Anopheles (Díptera: Culicidae) vectors of malaria in Puerto Carreño municipality, Vichada, Colombia

“…darlingi y An. marajoara s.s. encontrados naturalmente infectados por P. vivax y por P. falciparum, respectivamente, en el área urbana de Puerto Carreño, las estrategias de control hacia estas especies deben orientarse a la implementación de toldillos de larga duración, con los cuales se esperaría, no sólo disminuir el contacto entre el humano y el vector por la barrera física que constituye, sino lograr una reducción en la densidad de la población y, particularmente en la longevidad de estas especies, característica fundamental para el desarrollo completo de los agentes etiológicos y su capacidad de transmisión (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Esta estrategia, sumada al fortalecimiento de los programas de control de vectores de la Secretaría de Salud Departamental, particularmente la Unidad de Entomología (33) que permite el desarrollo de estudios complementarios en la población de vectores de malaria registrados en este estudio, relacionados con resistencia fisiológica a los insecticidas de uso en salud pública y evaluación de eficacia de las estrategias de control, son fundamentales para el control de la enfermedad.…”

Malaria vector species in Colombia: a review

“…Additionally, socioeconomic, political and public safety conditions complicate the surveillance of patients and vectors (Beyrer et al 2006). The situation has become more critical with the development of urban transmission in some regions (Méndez & Carrasquilla 1995, Porras et al 2001, Ochoa & Osorio 2006), the presence of new species (González et al 2010, Ruiz et al 2010) and the presence of species complexes (Brochero et al 2010, Gutiérrez et al 2010a). …”