“…species including common bean, broad bean, faba bean, clover and alfalfa (Burnett, Coventry, Hirth, & Greenhalgh, 1994;Greenhalgh & Merriman, 1985;Lamari & Bernier, 1985;Moussart, Even, & Tivoli, 2008;Pfender & Hagedorn, 1982;Tivoli, Baranger, Sivasithamparam, & Barbetti, 2006). It is a phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous species (Grünwald & Hoheisel, 2006;Malvick & Percich, 1997; Le May et al, 2017;Quillévéré-Hamard et al, 2018). Aphanomyces euteiches is a diploid and homothallic pathogen producing both oospores (sexual reproduction) and zoospores (asexual reproduction; Grünwald & Hoheisel, 2006).…”