Genetic structure of Bertholletia excelsa populations from the Amazon at different spatial scales

Sujii, Patrícia Sanae; Martins, Karina; Wadt, L. H. de O.; Azevedo, Vânia Cristina Rennó; Solferini, Vera Nisaka

doi:10.1007/s10592-015-0714-4

Cited by 42 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Cross-pollination (mediated primarily by non-social bees of the genus Xylocopa; Cavalcante et al 2012) is necessary for fruit production and generates high levels of genetic diversity and low levels of inbreeding (Sujii et al 2015). The seeds are contained within a globose, woody fruit (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Brazil nut (the seeds of the rainforest tree Bertholletia excelsa) is the only globally traded seed collected from the wild by forest-based harvesters across the Amazon basin. The large geographic scale of Brazil nut exploitation and the significant contributions to local livelihoods, national economies, and forest-based development over the last decades, merit a review of the ''conservation-through-use'' paradigm. We use Elinor Ostrom's framework for assessing sustainability in socioecological systems: (1) resource unit, (2) users, (3) governance system, and (4) resource system, to determine how different contexts and external developments generate specific conservation and development outcomes. We find that the resource unit reacts robustly to the type and level of extraction currently practiced; that resource users have built on a self-organized system that had defined boundaries and access to the resource; that linked production chains, market networks and informal financing work to supply global markets; and that local harvesters have used supporting alliances with NGOs and conservationists to formalize and secure their endogenous governance system and make it more equitable. As a result, the Brazil nut model represents a socioecological system that may not require major changes to sustain productivity. Yet since long-term Brazil nut production seems inextricably tied to a continuous forest cover, and because planted Brazil nut trees currently provide a minimal contribution to total nut production basin-wide, we call to preserve, diversify and intensify production in Brazil nut-rich forests that will inevitably become ever more integrated within human-modified landscapes over time.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to the ecological, social, and economic importance of the species, a series of studies have examined its production (Kainer et al, 2007;Rockwell et al, 2015), demographics (Wadt et al, 2008;Scoles and Gribel, 2012), silviculture (Kainer et al, 2014;Scoles et al, 2016), and genetics (O'Malley et al, 1988;Sujii et al, 2015;Wadt et al, 2015). Some of these studies express concerns about the impact of intensive seed collection on natural regeneration (Wadt et al, 2008;Scoles and Gribel, 2012) and logging on nut production (Rockwell et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that the crowns of fruiting trees are taller than non-productive trees (Scoles et al, 2016), while silvicultural studies have shown that sapling survival and growth is greatest in full daylight conditions, such as forest gaps (Scoles et al, 2011). Population genetic studies based on genetic markers for B. excelsa have been conducted to better understand its genetic structure and diversity, spatial genetic structure (SGS), and inbreeding and mating systems of natural populations, spatially isolated trees in pastures, and trees in plantations (O'Malley et al, 1988;Sujii et al, 2015;Wadt et al, 2015). Such studies have shown lower genetic differentiation between neighboring natural populations (0.018) than spatially distant populations (0.121), significant SGS (Sujii et al, 2015), and varying levels of inbreeding among populations, with some showing no evidence of inbreeding (Sujii et al, 2015;Wadt et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Population genetic studies based on genetic markers for B. excelsa have been conducted to better understand its genetic structure and diversity, spatial genetic structure (SGS), and inbreeding and mating systems of natural populations, spatially isolated trees in pastures, and trees in plantations (O'Malley et al, 1988;Sujii et al, 2015;Wadt et al, 2015). Such studies have shown lower genetic differentiation between neighboring natural populations (0.018) than spatially distant populations (0.121), significant SGS (Sujii et al, 2015), and varying levels of inbreeding among populations, with some showing no evidence of inbreeding (Sujii et al, 2015;Wadt et al, 2015). These studies have also demonstrated that reproduction occurs mainly by outcrossing (O'Malley et al, 1988;Wadt et al, 2015), but some mating occurs between related trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Research Article Contemporary pollen and seed dispersal in natural populations of Bertholletia excelsa (Bonpl.).

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Due to the nutritional content and commercial value of its seeds, Bertholletia excelsa is one of the most important species exploited in the Amazon region. The species is hermaphroditic, insect pollinated, and its seeds are dispersed by barochory and animals. Because the fruit set is dependent on natural pollinator activity, gene flow plays a key role in fruit production. However, to date, there have been no studies on pollen and seed flow in natural populations of B. excelsa. Herein, we used microsatellite loci and parentage analysis to investigate the spatial genetic structure (SGS), realized pollen and seed dispersal, and effective pollen dispersal for two B. excelsa populations in the Brazilian Amazon forest. Two plots were established in natural forests from which adults, juveniles, and seeds were sampled. Realized and effective pollen flow was greater than realized seed flow. The distance of realized pollen dispersal ranged from 36 to 2060 m, and the distance of realized seed dispersal ranged from 30 to 1742 m. Both pollen and seeds showed a dispersal pattern of isolation by distance, indicating a high frequency of mating among near-neighbor trees and seed dispersal near to mother trees. Both populations present SGS up to 175 m, which can be explained by isolation by distance pollen and seed dispersal patterns. Our results suggested that fragmentation of these forest populations may result in a significant decrease in gene flow, due to the isolation by distance pollen and seed dispersal patterns.

show abstract

“…As populações de castanhais apresentam diversidade morfológica e fenológica em diferentes regiões da Bacia Amazônica Brasileira, a heterogeneidade na produção, tamanho e massa de frutos e sementes, pode estar relacionada à estrutura genética da espécie sob diferentes escalas espaciais (SUJII et al, 2015). As condições edáficas, climáticas, disponibilidade de água e nutrientes, densidade e composição vegetal influenciam no desenvolvimento saudável da planta e consequentemente na produtividade e plasticidade fenotípica dos castanhais (ZUIDEMA, 2003;KAINER et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Biometria de frutos e sementes da castanheira-do-Brasil da região Médio-Norte do Mato Grosso

Borella¹,

Silva²,

Souza³

et al. 2017

Nativa

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recebido em junho/2017; Aceito em setembro/2017. RESUMO:Neste estudo caracterizou-se biometricamente os frutos e as sementes de Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., oriundas dos municípios de Itaúba e Cláudia, MT. As coletas dos frutos de dez matrizes em área de mata nativa ocorreram em 26/11 e 22/12/14 e 10/03/15. Foram coletados todos os frutos no chão sob projeção da copa da matriz. Foram determinadas as seguintes variáveis: diâmetros equatorial e longitudinal do fruto e da semente, espessura do exocarpo e mesocarpo, massa do fruto e das sementes por fruto, número de frutos por planta e número de sementes por fruto. Os frutos apresentaram massa fresca entre 136 e 163 g, diâmetros médios de 34 cm (com exocarpo), espessura total superior a 11 cm (exocarpo + mesocarpo) e 17 sementes por fruto. A massa das sementes de B. excelsa sem tegumento variou de 2,95 a 4,20g. No beneficiamento dos frutos e das sementes da castanheira-do-Brasil na região Médio-Norte, MT, são gerados 68,35% de resíduos. Na safra 14/15, o pico de dispersão dos frutos de B. excelsa ocorreu no mês de dezembro. Coletas tardias de frutos (março) geram baixa qualidade do fruto e da semente. Palavras-chave: Bertholletia excelsa, castanha, produto florestal não-madeireiro, extrativismo. Biometry of fruit and seeds of brazil chestnut originiting of the Medium-North region ofMato Grosso state ABSTRACT: In this study the fruits and seeds of Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., from the municipalities of Itaúba and Cláudia, MT, were characterized biometrically. The fruits collected from ten matrices in a native forest area. The colletions occurred on 11/26 and 12/22/14 and 10/03/15. All fruits were collected on the ground and under projection of the canopy of the matrix. The following variables were determined: equatorial and longitudinal diameters of fruit and seed, exocarp and mesocarp thickness, fruit and seed mass per fruit, number of fruits per plant and number of seeds per fruit. The fruits presented a fresh mass between 136 and 163 g, average diameters of 34 cm (with exocarp), total thickness superior to 11 cm (exocarp + mesocarp) and 17 seeds per fruit. The seed mass of B. excelsa without tegument ranged from 2.95 to 4.20 g. In the processing of fruits and seeds of Brazilian chestnut in the region of Medium-North, MT, 68.35% of waste is generated. In the 14/15 season, the fruit dispersion peak of B. excelsa occurred in the month of December. Late fruit collections (March) generate poor quality of fruit and seed.

show abstract

Genetic structure of Bertholletia excelsa populations from the Amazon at different spatial scales

Cited by 42 publications

References 54 publications

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

Research Article Contemporary pollen and seed dispersal in natural populations of Bertholletia excelsa (Bonpl.).

Biometria de frutos e sementes da castanheira-do-Brasil da região Médio-Norte do Mato Grosso

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About