Genetic Structure of the Ards Peninsula, Northern Ireland: Evidence from Civil Registers of Marriage 1840-1911

Smith, Malcolm T.; Bittles, A.H.

doi:10.1353/hub.2002.0046

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The observed persistence of the pre-nineteenth century settlement effects is in line with the observation made by Relethford and Crawford (1995) that at both a county and a regional scale the effects of the Great Famine (on population structure inferred from anthropometrics) were minimal. The outcome is also consistent with the results of earlier smaller-scale analysis of isonymy in the Ards Peninsula, County Down (Smith et al, 1990;Smith and Bittles, 2002).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…By analogy with these nationwide isonymy studies, and by extrapolation from previous more local analyses by isonymy in Ireland (Relethford, 1982;Smith and Bittles, 2002;Smith et al, 1990), we predict that in nineteenth century Ireland as a whole there would have been a clear geographical component to isonymy, the outcome of settlement effects and subsequent migration, including isolation-by-distance effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The index to Griffith's valuation is a summarizing document containing names and localities, again down to the subparochial level of townland. The index has previously been used for isonymy on a local scale to explore the population structure of the Ards Peninsula, County Down (Smith et al, 1990), yielding kinship estimates that were consistent with those derived from isonymy and marital migration matrices calculated from late nineteenth century and early twentieth century civil registers of marriage (Smith and Bittles, 2002).…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Nineteenth‐century population structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An analysis by isonymy

Smith

MacRaild

2008

American J Hum Biol

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This article uses isonymy to test predictions about the genetic structure of Irish populations made on the basis of geography and population history, and compares the mid-nineteenth century population of Ireland with the late nineteenth century Irish-born population resident in England and Wales. Surname data were derived from (1) the householders named in the index to Griffith's valuation of Ireland, a survey undertaken between 1846 and 1864, and (2) of Irish-born residents named in 1881 census of England and Wales. Visual representation of the Griffith's valuation isonymy matrix by multidimensional scaling (MDS) gives a result very close to the geographical distribution of Irish counties, and Mantel matrix correlation shows random isonymy between counties to be negatively associated with geographical distance, generally decaying according to a pattern of isolation-by-distance, with exceptions that can be explained in terms of Irish population history. Some 141,360 Irish-born residents in England and Wales at the 1881 census were assigned to an Irish county of origin, and random isonymy by county of birth for this group also shows a close correspondence to Irish geography. The Mantel matrix correlation between the Irish in Ireland and the Irish in England is 0.855, R(2) = 0.7306, indicating that the emigrant Irish in England were representative of the populations of the Irish counties from which they were derived. This result, together with the strong geographical patterning of surnames in Ireland, suggests that isonymy can be used to investigate the population structure and origin of Irish emigrant groups in Britain and potentially throughout the Irish diaspora.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Nineteenth‐century population structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An analysis by isonymy

Smith

MacRaild

2008

American J Hum Biol

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“…In this way, for instance, effective population sizes will presumably be different, and so the consanguinity rates will be distinctive. The relative frequencies of each type of consanguineous marriage will be even more different because of particular underlying cultural and economic factors (the former including linguistic differences), the extent to which the population is dispersed, population size, age-sex structure, distribution of family size, and other factors that will determine the number of consanguineous marriageable partners for any individual (Fredlund and Dyke, 1976;Barbujani and Sokal, 1990;Calderón et al, 1993;Biondi et al, 1996;Smith and Bittles, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding levels and consanguinity structure in the Basque province of Guipúzcoa (1862-1980)

Alfonso‐Sánchez

Aresti

Peña

et al. 2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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This work analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of consanguinity in the Basque province of Guipúzcoa (Spain), using data provided by Catholic dispensations (1862-1980). Secular trends in consanguinity rates (%M(C)) and mean inbreeding coefficient (F) were similar in the seven Guipúzcoan regions considered, with peaks between 1881-1920 and subsequently a gradual decline. Substantial differences in consanguinity characteristics emerged when the regions were classified according to level of urbanization. Principal component analysis (accounting for more than 85% of the total variance in consanguinity variables) clearly discriminated between urbanized and less urbanized regions. The latter stand out for their high consanguinity rates (3.57-6.73%), mean inbreeding coefficient (0.00112-0.00240), and M22/M33 ratio (M22, first cousins; M33, second cousins), which ranged between 0.89-1.48. Moreover, in less urbanized regions, marital consanguinity was eminently local, and mainly conditioned by regional endogamy (71.4-85.0%). By contrast, urban subpopulations showed the lowest consanguinity rates (1.60-1.96%) and mean inbreeding coefficient (around 0.0007). In these regions, the M22/M33 ratio also exhibited high values (1.07-1.56), but this time at the expense of the contribution of the immigrant group. Discussion of the factors that could have modeled this spatial variation in consanguinity centers on: 1) demographic aspects related to the chronology and intensity of industrialization, 2) the geography of the territory and the geography of peopling, and 3) linguistic differences, expressed in the uneven distribution of Basque-speakers among the different territories considered.

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“…Studies of the genetic structure of human populations at a local, national, or even continental level have classically been focused on geographic distances to explain population genetic structure (Smith and Bittles 2002). However, it has long been recognized that genetic structure can also be correlated with a number of other physical parameters, such as population density or altitude (Cavalli-Sforza and Bodmer 1971), as well as sociocultural parameters that produce some effect in population subdivision (as for example, caste, occupation, social class, ethnicity, linguistic affiliation, recent admixture, settlement history, religious affiliation, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodemographic and Genetic Structure of Zamora Province (Spain): Insights from Surname Analysis

et al. 2010

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Located in the north-western extreme of the Iberian northern plateau with the Portugal border on the west, Zamora province is one of the current divisions of the autonomous region of Castile-Leon (Spain). According to natural boundaries and historical records, the province of Zamora can be subdivided into six different regions: Aliste, Benavente, Bajo Duero, Campos-Pan, Sanabria and Sayago. The geography of the area is configured by two major rivers: the Duero that crosses the province in a westeast direction and its affluent the Esla that crosses the province in a northwest-southeast course. In this work, we analyze both surnames of 166,349 individuals from Zamora province. The main goal of this study is to explore the differential weight of historical, demographic, geographic and sociocultural factors in shaping the bio-demographic and genetic structure of this specific population. The highest value of total consanguinity based on random isonymy is observed in Sanabria, which also has the lowest values of heteronymy and the highest intra-population a priori kinship. By contrast, Sayago exhibits the highest value of heteronymy and the lowest intra-population a priori kinship. The consanguinity values observed in Zamora are, in part, related to the population structure. Notwithstanding, the values of non-random consanguinity observed in some municipalities could be associated with particular mating behaviors that favor isonymic marriages. Finally, the results of analyses indicate that the levels of micro-differentiation in the province cannot be considered high; however, some degree of substructure could be deduced. It appears that the current population structure of Zamora has been determined not only by settlement history, geographic distance and geographic boundaries, but also, by land system distribution and population size.

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Genetic Structure of the Ards Peninsula, Northern Ireland: Evidence from Civil Registers of Marriage 1840-1911

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Nineteenth‐century population structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An analysis by isonymy

Nineteenth‐century population structure of Ireland and of the Irish in England and Wales: An analysis by isonymy

Inbreeding levels and consanguinity structure in the Basque province of Guipúzcoa (1862-1980)

Biodemographic and Genetic Structure of Zamora Province (Spain): Insights from Surname Analysis

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