Genetic structuring among populations of the greenshell mussel Perna canaliculus revealed by analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA

Abstract

Allozyme analysis of 35 populations of the endemic New Zealand greenshell mussel Perna canaliculus (Gmelin 1791) indicated an absence of genetic structuring, whereas mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of 22 of the same populations indicated a pronounced genetic discontinuity between northern and southern mussels at ~42°S latitude. The present study examines the genetic structuring of a subset of 19 New Zealand mussel populations using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. A genetic discontinuity was observed between northern and southern populations, which resulted from significant allele frequency differences, but no absolute differences between populations of these regions. Southern populations were genetically more diverse than northern populations, with the west coast of the South Island being the most distinct from northern populations. The RAPD data are consistent with the mtDNA data, indicating that both studies have resolved the population structure of P. canaliculus at a higher level than previous allozyme studies. The location of the genetic discontinuity coincides with major hydrographic features at ~42°S latitude. We hypothesise that restricted gene flow (larval transport), a consequence of present day coastal surface circulation patterns, influences the population genetic structuring of this species, an effect which is relatively recent in geological time (within the last 12 000 yr).

Latitudinal comparison of thermotolerance and HSP70 production in F2 larvae of the Greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus)

“…including North Island of New Zealand sites). Nevertheless, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses of P. canaliculus phylogeography recognise three clades of this species around New Zealand, with the D'Urville Island, Banks Peninsula and Stewart Island sites being located within the Northern, Southern and Stewart Island clades, respectively (Apte and Gardner, 2002;Star et al, 2003). Thus, we were able to compare some of the broad scale genetic patterns that exist in P. canaliculus around New Zealand.…”

The genetic architecture of hybridisation between two lineages of greenshell mussels

“…One sample (Big Glory Bay (BGB)) is from an aquaculture population that is derived from northern mussels transported to Stewart Island, and another (Horseshoe Bay (HSB)) is a wild/native Stewart Island population that shows evidence of introgression of northern genes Star et al, 2003;Wei et al, 2013a). These samples are the same mussels as those used previously in studies of population and seascape genetics (Wei et al, 2013a,b).…”

“…Mussel spat from the far north are collected and trucked to aquaculture sites, including BGB. This northern genetic signal in the far south is clearly identifiable using a variety of genetic markers and analytical approaches Star et al, 2003;this study). Thus, human-mediated transfer of mussels over the last~40 years has created a new geographic area of hybridisation, 4750 km south of the natural zone of interbreeding.…”

“…A variety of different molecular markers have shown that the greenshell mussel can be divided into northern and southern lineages (Apte and Gardner, 2002;Star et al, 2003;Wei et al, 2013a,b). The northern lineage includes all populations north of 42°S on the east coast and 41°S on the west coast (seven populations-Opononi (OPO), Maunganui (MAU), Castlepoint (CAP), Fletchers Beach (FLE), Westhaven (WEST), Tasman Bay (TAS) and Cape Campbell (CAM)), whereas the southern lineage consists of all populations below 42°S on the east coast and 41°S on the west coast, including the BGB aquaculture population (seven populations-Little Wanganui River (LWR), Kaikoura (KAI), Gore Bay (GOB), Fiordland (FIO), Timaru (TIM), BGB and HSB).…”

La estructura genética de la ostra chilena (Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1845) en poblaciones naturales del sur de Chile, basada en análisis con marcadores RAPDs

“…Los RAPDs han sido utilizados para construir mapas genéticos de una gran variedad de especies, como también para la diferenciación de procariotas, plantas (Aagaard et al 1998) y peces (Hassanien et al 2004), así como en trabajos enfocados a la conservación (Pearson et al 2002, Callejas & Ochando 2002. En especies marinas de importancia comercial, su uso ha ido en incremento en los últimos años (Patwary et al 1995, Elo et al 1997, Star et al 2003, Hermosilla 2004, Toro et al 2004, Keyvanshokooh & Kalbassi 2006. Algunas de las ventajas de los RAPDs tienen que ver con su bajo costo, mayor rapidez en la generación de datos y el menor requerimiento de muestra de tejido, al compararlo con otras técnicas moleculares (Caetano-Anolles et al 1991a,b, Lynch & Milligan 1994, Bardakci & Skibinski 1994, Silva & Russo 2000.…”