Genetic Studies

Sloggett, John J.; Honěk, Alois

doi:10.1002/9781118223208.ch2

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…Studies on species with morphs that differ in the base colour of their elytra and pattern of spots reveal the crucial role of thermoregulation in balancing morph proportions (Sloggett & Honek, 2012). They lead to local differences in the proportions of the different morphs (Komai & Hosino, 1951;Bengtson & Hagen, 1975) and can change relatively fast when the climate changes (Brakefield & Lees, 1987;de Jong & Brakefield, 1998;Majerus & Zakharov, 2000;Brakefield & de Jong, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The few species that are the classical subjects of these studies have a small number of morphs in which the base colour of the elytra differs and is determined by major genes. There are many studies on local and temporal variation in proportions of morphs in populations (Sloggett & Honek, 2012). In most cases the occurrence of morphs appears to be associated with climatic factors, industrial pollution (Zakharov, 2003) and, possibly, visual predation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal variation in elytral colour polymorphism in Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Honěk¹,

Martinková²,

Saska³

et al. 2012

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are a classical group for studying the mechanisms that determine local and temporal trends in colour polymorphism. Here we report long term trends in variation in the percentage of different morphs in a population of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) at Štúrovo, Slovakia (47°48´N, 18°43´E). The morphs differ in the number and location of the spots on their elytra. Beetles were sampled from stands of herbaceous plants using a standard method each year in August over a period of 74 years from 1937 to 2011. Twenty two morphs (out of 74 possible) were recorded in a total sample of 6,984 individuals. Four dominant morphs made up 90% of the total sample and varied in their annual frequency independently of one another. Frequency of "pale" morphs (0-3 spots per elytra), supposedly favoured by a warm climate, increased from 1981 to 2000s' during a period of climate warming, but only after a decrease that took place between 1937 and 1981, which did not parallel a change in climate. Moreover, the differences in the extent of the melanization of the elytral surface are too small to significantly affect thermoregulation in the different morphs. Therefore, the results presented do not provide unequivocal support for climate change determining the long term trends in the variation in the proportions of the different morphs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation in elytral colour polymorphism in Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Honěk¹,

Martinková²,

Saska³

et al. 2012

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…Many ladybird species exhibit elytral colour polymorphism that is associated with varying degrees of fitness associated with the degree of melanism of the morphs (Sloggett & Honěk, 2012). Consequently, differences in the frequencies of morphs may reflect geographical and/or seasonal variation (Sloggett & Honěk, 2012), i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, differences in the frequencies of morphs may reflect geographical and/or seasonal variation (Sloggett & Honěk, 2012), i.e. melanics may have a selective advantage over non-melanics because of their increased absorption of solar radiation (Kryltsov, 1956;Brakefield & Willmer, 1985), particularly when they breed and feed during periods of lower temperature and increasing irradiance (Sloggett & Honěk, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Danilevsky, 1965;Masaki, 1967;Danks, 1987), cold hardiness (Chen & Kang, 2004), body size (e.g. Sota et al, 2000;Stillwell et al, 2007) and morph frequency (Sloggett & Honěk, 2012) are reported. Furthermore, in the process of range extension, changes in insect phenotypes are recorded that are associated with adapting to the newly colonized areas (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increase in dark morphs and decrease in size during a range extension of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Kawakami¹,

Yamazaki²,

Ohashi³

2015

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The ladybird beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) is widely distributed throughout the intermediate latitudinal and equatorial regions. It exhibits elytral colour polymorphism with a geographical cline showing increased prevalence of melanic morphs with increasing latitude. Over the past 100 years, this species has extended its distribution towards higher latitudes in Japan because of climatic warming. In this study, long-term changes in the frequency of different morphs and adult body size of this species during this range extension were analyzed based on a survey of specimens in collections. First, we examined specimens collected from areas that were colonized (34-36°N) during the period of range extension and when it ceased (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005). Chronologically, both the proportions of melanic morphs increased and body size decreased significantly. Next, specimens were examined from newly colonized regions and the former range of distribution (32-34°N); these specimens were collected during period when range extension had ceased. In newly colonized regions, the frequency of melanic morphs was higher and the body size was smaller than in the former range of distribution. These two findings indicate that the smaller, melanic morphs may have undergone a positive-selection driven range extension to higher latitudes.

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The chemical ecology of Harmonia axyridis

et al. 2011

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In the recent SI of BioControl and resultant book from this working group (Roy et al., 2012), we contributed a review paper on the chemical ecology of the invasive aphidophagous ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Sloggett et al., 2011). This paper focused on both the pure and applied aspects of this subject, including sections on: (1) chemical defence; (2) foods, feeding and reproduction; (3) H. axyridis chemistry, humans and human activity, and (4) future research perspectives.Harmonia axyridis' chemical defence is comprised of two alkaloids (harmonine and 3-hydroxypiperidin-2-one) and four methoxypyrazines. Based on assays of palatability and toxicity, it appears to be one of the most powerful chemical defence blends amongst ladybirds. There is some evidence that both harmonine and methoxypyrazine concentrations vary predictably with ladybird colour and pattern, although no such work has been carried out for 3-methoxypiperidin-2-one. Since our original review was published, the alkaloid harmonine has been shown to be a broad spectrum anti-microbial and powerful anti-malarial compound (Rörich et al., 2012).Our knowledge of food location in H. axyridis remains poor, although the ladybird appears to use multimodal cues, probably including chemical ones from both host plant and aphid prey. Like many other ladybirds, H. axyridis is deterred from oviposition by conspecific larval chemical cues. It is not deterred from oviposition by chemical cues from allospecifics, although in its native range other ladybird species avoid such cues from H. axyridis. This behaviour probably serves these species as a means of avoiding H. axyridis intraguild predation. Generally, H. axyridis ignores the deterrent hydrocarbon cues on the surface of ladybird egg intraguild prey and is little affected by intraguild prey defensive alkaloids, although a number of exceptions are known, especially in its invasive range.The habit of H. axyridis overwintering in large aggregations in buildings is not limited to its invasive range, although in its native range, such aggregations tend to be of very limited duration. Aggregations in buildings cause numerous problems, including the spotting of furnishings from reflex blood, allergic reactions in humans using the buildings and risks posed to pets or even children that may eat the ladybirds. Another problem caused by the abundance of H. axyridis is "wine taint", predominantly from methoxypyrazines, when the ladybirds are attracted to grape crops in autumn and are harvested and processed with the

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Genetic Studies

Cited by 29 publications

References 177 publications

Temporal variation in elytral colour polymorphism in Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Temporal variation in elytral colour polymorphism in Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Increase in dark morphs and decrease in size during a range extension of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

The chemical ecology of Harmonia axyridis

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