Genetic Studies of the Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians

Baier, Leslie J.; Hanson, Robert L.

doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.5.1181

Cited by 99 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Pima Indians in Arizona represent a classic and well-studied example with a very high prevalence of T2D. Clinically, their diabetes appears to be a subtype of T2D, characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, and a relative insulin deficiency [4,5]. The increase in prevalence among Pima Indians has occurred along with a transition from a traditional lifestyle with limited food supply and high physical activity to a modern, sedentary lifestyle with a consistent food supply.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes in Population Isolates: Lessons from Greenland

Grarup¹,

Moltke²,

Albrechtsen³

et al. 2015

Rev Diabet Stud

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■ AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is an increasing health problem worldwide with particularly high occurrence in specific subpopulations and ancestry groups. The high prevalence of T2D is caused both by changes in lifestyle and genetic predisposition. A large number of studies have sought to identify the genetic determinants of T2D in large, open populations such as Europeans and Asians. However, studies of T2D in population isolates are gaining attention as they provide several advantages over open populations in genetic disease studies, including increased linkage disequilibrium, homogeneous environmental exposure, and increased allele frequency. We recently performed a study in the small, historically isolated Greenlandic population, in which the prevalence of T2D has increased to more than 10%. In this study, we identified a common nonsense variant in TBC1D4, which has a population-wide impact on glucose-stimulated plasma glucose, serum insulin levels, and T2D. The variant defines a specific subtype of non-autoimmune diabetes characterized by decreased post-prandial glucose uptake and muscular insulin resistance. These and other recent findings in population isolates illustrate the value of performing medical genetic studies in genetically isolated populations. In this review, we describe some of the advantages of performing genetic studies of T2D and related cardio-metabolic traits in a population isolate like the Greenlandic, and we discuss potentials and perspectives for future research into T2D in this population.

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Section: Prevalence Of Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes in Population Isolates: Lessons from Greenland

Grarup¹,

Moltke²,

Albrechtsen³

et al. 2015

Rev Diabet Stud

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show abstract

“…We propose that the MMP3 pathway is altered in human obesity, but this alteration may be the result of a combination of genetic variation within the MMP3 locus itself, as well as variation in additional factors, either primary or secondary to obesity, that regulate expression of the MMP3 gene. Diabetes 55:3160 -3165, 2006 T he Pima Indians of Arizona have a high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and both of these diseases have a strong genetic basis (1,2). To identify novel genes and/or genetic pathways that may be important for the development of obesity in this Native-American population, Nair et al (3) compared Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray expression profiles from adipocyte precursor cells (preadipocytes/stromal vascular cells) isolated from nonobese and obese subjects and identified 218 genes that were differentially expressed between these two groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) in Preadipocytes/Stromal Vascular Cells From Nonobese Nondiabetic Versus Obese Nondiabetic Pima Indians

et al. 2006

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Prior microarray studies comparing global gene expression patterns in preadipocytes/stromal vascular cells isolated from nonobese nondiabetic versus obese nondiabetic Pima Indians showed that matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is upregulated in obese subjects. The current study targeted analysis of nine additional MMP genes that cluster to a region on chromosome 11q22 that is linked to BMI and percent body fat. Differential-display PCR showed that MMP3 is downregulated in preadipocytes/stromal vascular cells from obese subjects, and real-time PCR showed that MMP3 expression levels are negatively correlated with percent body fat. To determine whether variants within MMP3 are responsible for its altered expression, MMP3 was sequenced, and seven representative variants were genotyped in 1,037 Pima subjects for association analyses. Two variants were associated with both BMI and type 2 diabetes, and two additional variants were associated with type 2 diabetes alone; however, none of these variants were associated with MMP3 expression levels. We propose that the MMP3 pathway is altered in human obesity, but this alteration may be the result of a combination of genetic variation within the MMP3 locus itself, as well as variation in additional factors, either primary or secondary to obesity, that regulate expression of the MMP3 gene. Diabetes 55: 3160 -3165, 2006

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“…The high prevalence of T2D is not exclusive for Australians Aborigines. It has been also reported in Pima Indians [5], Nauruans [6], and Mexican Americans [7]. One of the most prominent theories to explain the Aboriginal Australian susceptibility to DM is obesity and the "Thrifty Gene Hypothesis", which will be discussed in this review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes mellitus in the australian indigenous community

Abreu¹,

Walder²,

Gibert

2013

J Med Disord

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This report aims to investigate the higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Indigenous Australians, with recommendations to Australians Health Professionals in order to increase awareness of Indigenous health peculiarities related to diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes has become one of the most common public health problems of the 21 st century. The proportion of Aborigines Australians developing T2D is 5 to 10 times greater than non-Aborigines. Although DM in Aboriginal community is multifactorial, this report shows three perceived causes: (i) obesity and the "Thrifty Gene Hypothesis", (ii) geographical position and (iii) smoking. It concluded that the combination of these causes have increased the incidence of DM among Indigenous Australians. Therefore, the following are recommended: improvement of genetic research, improvement of medical facilities, and increased employment of Indigenous Health Professionals and improvement of anti-smoking policies.

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Genetic Studies of the Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians

Cited by 99 publications

References 53 publications

Diabetes in Population Isolates: Lessons from Greenland

Diabetes in Population Isolates: Lessons from Greenland

Differential Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) in Preadipocytes/Stromal Vascular Cells From Nonobese Nondiabetic Versus Obese Nondiabetic Pima Indians

Diabetes mellitus in the australian indigenous community

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