GENETIC SUBSTRUCTURE OF THE PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL (<i>PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI</i>) OFF WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA

Lamont, Margaret M.; Vida, J. T.; Harvey, James T.; Jeffries, Steven J.; Brown, Robin F.; Huber, Harriet H.; DeLong, Robert L.; Thomas, W. Kelley

doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00592.x

Cited by 47 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For the molecular identification, DNA was extracted from prey remains using a Qiagen DNeasy kit following the manufacturer's guidelines. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of mammalian samples was amplified with 2 sets of primers, first using universal primers MTCRf and MTCRr (Hoelzel et al 1998) and secondly using primers L16371 and HI6571 (Lamont et al 1996) specifically designed for harbour seals. For DNA extracted from fish samples, a 682 bp fragment of the mtDNA control region was amplified using primers Q and B (Lee et al 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocal behaviour and feeding ecology of killer whales Orcinus orca around Shetland, UK

Deecke¹,

Nykänen²,

Foote³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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Killer whales Orcinus orca are sighted regularly off Shetland, UK, but little is known about their numbers, diet and population identity. We aimed to relate vocal behaviour to diet of killer whales around Shetland in order to investigate population structure and differences in feeding strategies. Fieldwork was conducted in the summers of 2008 and 2009. We located killer whales through a sightings network and shore-based scans and collected photo-ID data, behavioural information, feeding data and acoustic recordings from a small boat. The majority of encounters (n = 14) were of small groups (1 to 15 individuals) travelling close to shore and feeding on marine mammals. Two encounters were with large groups (20+ individuals) feeding on herring Clupea harengus farther offshore. Seal-hunting groups vocalised rarely, producing pulsed calls, echolocation clicks and whistles almost exclusively when surface-active or milling after a kill. Herring-eating groups were largely silent during one encounter, but very vocal during the other. Analysis of pulsed calls identified 6 stereotyped call types for seal-hunting groups and 7 for herring-eating groups. No call types were shared between both kinds of groups. The vocal behaviour of seal-hunting groups showed striking parallels to that of Pacific marine mammal specialists and presumably evolved to decrease detection by acoustically sensitive prey. One call type produced by Shetland herring-eating killer whales matched a vocalisation that a previous study had described from Iceland and identified as a possible herding call that may function to concentrate herring during feeding. These findings point to behavioural and dietary specialisation among Shetland killer whales, which should be taken into account when making management decisions affecting these animals. Aquat Biol 13: 79-88, 2011

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocal behaviour and feeding ecology of killer whales Orcinus orca around Shetland, UK

Deecke¹,

Nykänen²,

Foote³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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“…Serologic results from harbor seal haulout sites (Fig. 1) were grouped based on known harbor seal genetics (Lamont et al, 1996;Huber et al, 2010). Specifically, samples were grouped into two harbor seal stocks: The Washington (WA)/British Columbia (BC) inland water stock and the WA/ Oregon (OR) outer coast stock.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetii Infection of Marine Mammals in the Pacific Northwest, 1997–2010

Kersh

Lambourn

Raverty

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Humans are commonly exposed via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria derived from the waste products of domesticated sheep and goats, and particularly from products generated during parturition. However, many other species can be infected with C. burnetii, and the host range and full zoonotic potential of C. burnetii is unknown. Two cases of C. burnetii infection in marine mammal placenta have been reported, but it is not known if this infection is common in marine mammals. To address this issue, placenta samples were collected from Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Coxiella burnetii was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the placentas of Pacific harbor seals (17/27), harbor porpoises (2/6), and Steller sea lions (1/2) collected in the Pacific Northwest. A serosurvey of 215 Pacific harbor seals sampled in inland and outer coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest showed that 34.0% (73/215) had antibodies against either Phase 1 or Phase 2 C. burnetii. These results suggest that C. burnetii infection is common among marine mammals in this region.

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“…There are two clearly divergent monophyletic clades of harbor seals in the Atlantic Ocean (east and west populations), as well as in the Pacific Ocean between the northwest (Bristol Bay, AK and eastward) and eastern Pacific (Washington state south through California) (Stanley et al 1996). Population genetic differentiation follows a pattern of isolation-by-distance in Pacific as well as Atlantic populations of harbor seals (Lamont et al 1996, Stanley et al 1996, Goodman 1998, Westlake and O'Corry-Crowe 2002. Significant genetic subdivision has also been detected in Atlantic harbor seals among subpopulations in the Baltic Sea, Scandinavia, and Scotland (Stanley et al 1996, Goodman 1998, and in Pacific Ocean populations among animals east of British Columbia, animals near Vancouver Island/Puget Sound, and the coastal animals of Washington, Oregon, and California (Lamont et al 1996, Burg et al 1999, Huber et al 2010).…”

Section: Population Structure Of P Vitulinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that harbor seals have migratory and dispersal patterns that appear to behaviorally restrict gene flow between neighboring areas Mate 1983, Lowry et al 2001), it is not surprising that molecular techniques have detected patterns of genetic marker distributions indicating distinct subpopulations within larger management stocks (Lamont et al 1996, Burg et al 1999, O'Corry-Crowe et al 2003, Huber et al 2010, but see Herreman et al 2009). Genetic differentiation among groups of P. vitulina richardsi has been detected on a scale of only a few hundred kilometers in the northeast Pacific (Lamont et al 1996, Stanley et al 1996, Burg et al 1999, O'Corry-Crowe 2003, Huber et al 2010.…”

Section: Population Structure Of P Vitulinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic differentiation among groups of P. vitulina richardsi has been detected on a scale of only a few hundred kilometers in the northeast Pacific (Lamont et al 1996, Stanley et al 1996, Burg et al 1999, O'Corry-Crowe 2003, Huber et al 2010. For example, recent work utilizing mtDNA and microsatellite markers indicate a meaningful differentiation between harbor seals in Puget Sound and coastal…”

Section: Population Structure Of P Vitulinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Substructure of Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) Populations Along the Coasts of Oregon and Washington

Dishman¹

2000

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It has been assumed that the considerable dispersal ability of many marine species would prevent genetic divergence in the absence of geographic isolation. However, recent work has shown that many marine species often develop differentiation among areas within their known dispersal range. This 'paradox' of marine divergence is particularly important among marine mammal species where behavior can restrict gene flow. To

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GENETIC SUBSTRUCTURE OF THE PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL (PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI) OFF WASHINGTON, OREGON, AND CALIFORNIA

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Vocal behaviour and feeding ecology of killer whales Orcinus orca around Shetland, UK

Vocal behaviour and feeding ecology of killer whales Orcinus orca around Shetland, UK

Coxiella burnetii Infection of Marine Mammals in the Pacific Northwest, 1997–2010

Genetic Substructure of Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) Populations Along the Coasts of Oregon and Washington

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