Genetic Susceptibility to Dental Caries on Pit and Fissure and Smooth Surfaces

Shaffer, John R.; Wang, X.; DeSensi, Rebecca; Wendell, Stacy; Weyant, Robert J.; Cuenco, Karen T.; Crout, Richard J.; McNeil, Daniel W.; Marazita, Mary L.

doi:10.1159/000335099

Cited by 52 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This finding contradicts existing evidence that PF have a greater risk of caries among young children [Batchelor and Sheiham, 2004;Warren et al, 2006;Shaffer et al, 2012;Broffitt et al, 2013]. For example, in the study of Warren et al [2006], while over 30% of PF initial caries progressed to frank decay or filled surfaces in the average 4-year period, very few SM with initial caries did so.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Tooth Surface Level Caries Progression in the Primary Dentition among Preschool Children

Ismaïl

Lim²,

Téllez³

2015

Caries Res

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The objective of this paper is to describe primary tooth surface level caries progression, over 2 years, based on the severity of the caries lesions. Data were collected from 790 low-income African-American preschool children in Detroit, Mich., USA. The caregivers of the children (aged 0-5 years) completed interviews and the dyad of child-caregiver completed dental examinations in 2002-2004 (baseline) and in 2004-2005 (follow-up). Caries were measured using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The caries status of tooth surfaces was classified into initial (ICDAS 1-2), moderate (ICDAS 3-4) and extensive (ICDAS 5-6) stages. Counts of tooth surfaces with progression, by baseline caries severity level, were used to compute rate ratios (RRs) relative to sound stages. RRs were also computed for type of tooth surfaces and frequency of intake of soda consumption at baseline. After adjusting for confounders, caries progression was more likely to occur in tooth surfaces with any baseline caries relative to sound surfaces. For surfaces with initial caries, the rate of progression to moderate caries was 9.6 times higher than that of sound surfaces. Surfaces with initial and moderate caries progressed to extensive caries 6.1 and 20.6 times, respectively, relative to sound surfaces. Baseline soda consumption was not associated with the RR of caries progression. In conclusion, the staging of caries identifies different progression risks and significant emphasis should be placed on secondary prevention of initial lesions as well as on primary prevention.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Tooth Surface Level Caries Progression in the Primary Dentition among Preschool Children

Ismaïl

Lim²,

Téllez³

2015

Caries Res

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“…Despite the acknowledged importance of genetic factors (Townsend et al, 1998) and estimates of heritability of 30% to 50% (Bretz et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2010;Shaffer et al, 2012b), only a few caries susceptibility genes have been identified and validated thus far.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide Association Studies of Pit-and-Fissure- and Smooth-surface Caries in Permanent Dentition

et al. 2013

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While genetics clearly influences dental caries risk, few caries genes have been discovered and validated. Recent studies have suggested differential genetic factors for primary dentition caries and permanent dentition caries, as well as for pit-and-fissure-(PF) and smooth-(SM) surface caries. We performed separate GWAS for caries in permanent-dentition PF surfaces (1,017 participants, adjusted for age, sex, and the presence of Streptococcus mutans) and SM surfaces (1,004 participants, adjusted for age, education group, and the presence of Streptococcus mutans) in self-reported whites (ages 14 to 56 yrs). Caries scores were derived based on visual assessment of each surface of each tooth; more than 1.2 million SNPs were either successfully genotyped or imputed and were tested for association. Two homologous genes were suggestively associated: BCOR (Xp11.4) in PF-surface caries (p value = 1.8E-7), and BCORL1 (Xq26.1) in SM-surface caries (p value = 1.0E-5). BCOR mutations cause oculofaciocardiodental syndrome, a Mendelian disease involving multiple dental anomalies. Associations of other plausible cariogenesis genes were also observed for PF-surface caries (e.g., INHBA, p value = 6.5E-6) and for SM-surface caries (e.g., CXCR1 and CXCR2, p value = 1.9E-6). This study supports the notion that genes differentially affect cariogenesis across the surfaces of the permanent dentition, and nominates several novel genes for investigation.

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“…Although caries is a person-level disease, it should be expected that FV may confer different levels of caries protection in surfaces with different caries risk and fluoride retention potential. In fact, a recent study indicated that genetically conferred caries risk may differ between pits and fissures and smooth surfaces in the primary dentition [Shaffer et al, 2012]. Therefore, the specific aim was to determine if the caries-preventive effect of a community intervention that included FV application varied according to tooth anatomy and baseline tooth pathology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Specific Efficacy of Fluoride Varnish in Caries Prevention in the Primary Dentition: Results of a Community Randomized Clinical Trial

Divaris¹,

Preisser²,

Slade

2012

Caries Res

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Objectives: Fluoride varnish (FV) is efficacious in caries prevention although its effects among different tooth surfaces are poorly understood. This study sought to determine the extent to which caries-preventive effects of a community intervention that included FV application among preschool-aged children varied according to primary tooth anatomy and baseline tooth pathology. Methods: Secondary analysis was undertaken of data from a community-randomized controlled trial among 543 3- to 5-year-old Aboriginal children in 30 Northern Territory Australian communities. Children in intervention communities received community health promotion and FV application once every 6 months. Net caries (d₃mfs) risk and 95% confidence limits (CL) were estimated for the control and intervention arms, and stratified according to tooth anatomy/location and baseline pathology (sound, enamel opacity, hypoplastic defect or precavitated carious lesion). The intervention’s efficacy was quantified using generalized estimating equation modeling accounting for study design and clustering. The assumption of efficacy homogeneity was tested using a Wald χ² test with a p < 0.2 criterion and post hoc pairwise comparisons. Results: The intervention resulted in a 25% reduction (relative risk, RR = 0.75; 95% CL = 0.71, 0.80) in the 2-year surface-level caries risk. There was substantial heterogeneity in FV efficacy by baseline surface pathology: RRs were 0.73 for sound, 0.77 for opaque, 0.90 for precavitated, and 0.92 for hypoplastic surfaces. Among sound surfaces, maxillary anterior facials received significantly more benefit (RR = 0.62) compared to pits and fissures (RR = 0.78). Conclusion: The intervention had greatest efficacy on surfaces that were sound at baseline. Among those sound surfaces, maxillary anterior facials received most caries-preventive benefit.

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Genetic Susceptibility to Dental Caries on Pit and Fissure and Smooth Surfaces

Cited by 52 publications

References 48 publications

Tooth Surface Level Caries Progression in the Primary Dentition among Preschool Children

Tooth Surface Level Caries Progression in the Primary Dentition among Preschool Children

Genome-wide Association Studies of Pit-and-Fissure- and Smooth-surface Caries in Permanent Dentition

Surface-Specific Efficacy of Fluoride Varnish in Caries Prevention in the Primary Dentition: Results of a Community Randomized Clinical Trial

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