Genetic Susceptibility to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis Virus Infection

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. The risk factors for HCC include chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, metabolic disease, and aflatoxin exposure. In addition to these viral and environmental risk factors, individual genetic predisposition is a major determinant of HCC risk. Familial clustering of HCC has been observed, and a hereditary factor likely contributes to the risk of HCC development. The familial aggregation may depend on a shared environment and genetic background as well as the interactions of environmental and genetic factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are one of the most practical tools for mapping the patterns of inheritance for the most common form of genomic variation, single nucleotide polymorphisms. This approach is practical for investigating genetic variants across the human genome, which is affected by thousands of common genetic variants that do not follow Mendelian inheritance. This review article summarizes the academic knowledge of GWAS-identified genetic loci and their association with HCC. We summarize the GWASs in accordance with various chronic hepatitis virus infection statuses. This genetic profiling could be used to identify candidate biomarkers to refine HCC screening and management by enabling individual risk-based personalization and stratification. A more comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying individual predisposition to HCC may lead to improvements in the prevention and early diagnosis of HCC and the development of effective treatment strategies.

Effect of Haptoglobin Genotype on Essential Mineral Levels in Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia, Hepatitis C: A comparative Analysis

“…Our study revealed a significant increase in serum copper levels in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared to the control group table (6),This finding is consistent with previous studies conducted by 34,45 ,which found elevated copper levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Serum copper increases in response to acute HCV infection; this effect is heightened in CHC and fibrotic liver disease.…”

“…These findings corroborated those of 35,36,37 ,whose reported that individuals with chronic hepatitis C had significantly lower zinc concentrations than healthy control groups when zinc concentrations were examined at the level of the whole body. In the present study Serum copper levels were found to be significantly increased in all patient groups compared to the control group (P<0.05), table (6). Copper is known to be essential in the proper functioning of various metal enzymes, including ceruloplasmin involved in iron metabolism 38 .…”

“…1 : The statistical analysis presented in Table(6) indicate a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the concentration of Copper in all patient groups compared to the control group. Type 2 : The results of the statistical analysis presented in Table(6) indicate a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in Copper concentration in all groups of patients compared to the control group.…”

A novel model based on ubiquitination-related gene to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the sixth most common tumor in the world, is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality [ 1 , 2 ]. According to the most recent epidemiological information, HCC is closely associated with the following risk factors: infection with the hepatitis virus, exposure to Aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, excessive alcohol intake, and obesity [ 3 , 4 ]. At present, the main treatment methods for liver cancer include surgical resection, liver spread, thermal expansion, intra-arterial, radiation and systemic therapies [ 5 ].…”

LncRNA HEIH modulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the miR-193a-5p/CDK8 axis

“…Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevailing malignant tumor, and represents a major health-care challenge in the population ( 1 ). Previous research suggests that primary HCC is associated with genetic factors, alcoholism, obesity, viral infections, and metabolic diseases ( 2 , 3 ). Currently, surgical treatment is the main treatment strategy for primary HCC.…”