Genetic Susceptibility to <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>

McQueen, Cole M.; Dindot, SV; Nd, Cohen

doi:10.1111/jvim.13616

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…Genetic susceptibility for rhodococcal infections in foals was not established and scientific reports on that matter are also extremely limited [2,35]. Some genes were suspected to possibly influence the development and course of clinical rhodococcosis but were not yet extended for more biological samples and results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less Typical Courses of Rhodococcus equi Infections in Foals

Rakowska

Marciniak-Karcz²,

Bereznowski

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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This article aims to present several interesting and less typical courses of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals, collected during the 2019–2021 foaling seasons in some Polish studs. The study was conducted by the Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, and concentrated on ultrasonographic contribution to diagnostics and treatment of the disease. Among many standard cases of rhodococcal pneumonia, some rare ones occurred. The aforementioned issues include the potential contribution of rhodococcal infection to a grave outcome in a prematurely born filly, lost as a yearling, so-called “extrapulmonary disorders” (EPD), a hypothesis of inherited immunodeficiency with grave outcome in a breeding dam line from one stud, and macrolide-induced anhidrosis. The main benefit of this report would be to supplement the general picture of clinical rhodococcosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less Typical Courses of Rhodococcus equi Infections in Foals

Rakowska

Marciniak-Karcz²,

Bereznowski

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Although foals between 3 weeks and 8 months of age are 14 times more likely to be infected with R. equi than any other bacteria [ 14 ], mixed bacterial infections are frequent but not yet linked with worse prognosis [ 15 ]. Neither genetic factors [ 16 ] nor microbiome and fecal metagenome traits have been confirmed to increase susceptibility [ 17 ].…”

Section: Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Understanding and Managing Equine Rhodococcosis

Rakowska

Cywińska

Witkowski

2020

Animals

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The aim of this review was to summarize studies on equine rhodococcosis over the last decade. For many years Rhodococcus equi has remained one of the major health challenges in the equine breeding industry worldwide. Recently, many novel approaches and ideas have been described and some of them were initially implemented into the clinical practice. This study reviews a variety of new information about neonatal susceptibility, clinical appearance, considered and applied diagnostic procedures and treatment alternatives, factors limiting accurate prognosis, ideas regarding environmental management and prophylaxis considerations. Although multiple research were conducted, the main problems such as high morbidity and mortality, a lack of reliable prevention strategies and treatment limitations are still unresolved and require further scientific effort.

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“…Virtually all foals are exposed by inhalation of contaminated soil. While manydevelop subclinical infection, 18-50% of foals develop pneumonia but recover with treatment, and 2-5% perish [2][3][4][5]. Those that do not succumb to disease develop lifelong immunity and active infection is rare in adult horses [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus equi elicits type I interferon by engaging cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages

et al. 2021

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Rhodococcusequi is a major cause of foal pneumonia and an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. While alveolar macrophages constitute the primary replicative niche for R. equi, little is known about how intracellularR. equi is sensed by macrophages. Here, we discovered that that in addition to previously characterized pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tnfa, Il6, Il1b), macrophages infected with R. equi induce a robust type I IFN response, including Ifnband interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), similar to the evolutionarily related pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Follow up studies using a combination of mammalian and bacterial genetics demonstrated that induction of this type I IFN expression program is largely dependent on the cGAS/STING/TBK1 axis of the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, suggesting that R. equi perturbs the phagosomal membrane and causes DNA release into the cytosol following phagocytosis. Consistent with this, we found that a population of ~12% of R. equi phagosomes recruits the galectin-3,-8 and -9 danger receptors. Interestingly, neither phagosomal damage nor induction of type I IFN require the R. equi’s virulence-associated plasmid. Importantly, R. equi infection of both mice and foals stimulates ISG expression, in organs (mice) and circulating monocytes (foals). By demonstrating that R. equi activates cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages and elicits type I IFN responses in animal models, our work provides novel insights into how R. equi engages the innate immune system and furthers our understanding how this zoonotic pathogen causes inflammation and disease.

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Genetic Susceptibility to Rhodococcus equi

Cited by 14 publications

References 102 publications

Less Typical Courses of Rhodococcus equi Infections in Foals

Less Typical Courses of Rhodococcus equi Infections in Foals

Current Trends in Understanding and Managing Equine Rhodococcosis

The opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus equi elicits type I interferon by engaging cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages

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