Genetic Toxicology of Dental Composite Resin Extracts in Somatic Cells In Vivo

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the potential genetic toxicity associated to nine aqueous extracts from dental composite resins (Charisma, Fill Magic, Fill Magic Flow, Durafill, TPH Spectrum, Concept, Natural Look, Filtek Z250 and Filtek P60) and one random extract. Homologous mitotic recombination, point and chromosomal mutation effects were determined in somatic proliferative cells of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to aqueous extracts of the clinically used composites. Reproducible increases in clone mutant spot frequencies induced by diluted extract of Fill Magic Flow were observed. These increments were exclusively associated to the induction of homologous recombination -a genetic phenomenon involved in the loss of heterozygosis. The other eight composite resins and the random extract had no statistically significant effect on total spot frequencies -suggesting that they are non-genotoxic in the somatic mutation and recombination test assay, which agrees with the applications they have in dentistry. These findings -supported by numerous studies showing a positive correlation between carcinogenicity in man and genotoxicity in the Drosophila wing spot test -point to the potential risks some composite resins pose to the health of patients and dentistry personnel.

A comparative in vitro study on monomer release from bisphenol A‐free and conventional temporary crown and bridge materials

“…After 6 h of exposure, a relevant number of double-strand breaks in human gingival fibroblasts was detected at a UDMA concentration of 14.12 μg mL -1 [84]. These genotoxic effects were confirmed in vivo using eluates of UDMA-and/or TEGDMA-based composites [86]. By contrast, an older study by Schweikl et al [88] found only a slight increase of micronuclei compared with the control group after exposure to UDMA.…”

“…Even in large temporary restorations, these concentrations are not to be expected. By contrast, UDMA exhibits a mutagenic effect that is more potent by a factor of 1.6 [86,87]. Using a comet assay with human parotid gland cells and lymphocytes, initial DNA damage was observed after only 60 min of exposure at a UDMA concentration of 0.047 μg mL -1 [75,76].…”

Gene Expression Change in Human Dental Pulp Cells Exposed to a Low‐Level Toxic Concentration of Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate: An RNA‐seq Analysis

“…Unpolymerized resin monomers can be leached into dental pulp tissue as high as several millimolars in concentration even without pulpal exposure in the tooth cavity . The exposure level of resin monomers to dental pulp tissue will be dependent on the thickness of remaining dentin in the tooth cavity .…”

Genotoxicity Induced by Dental Materials: A Comprehensive Review

“…The mechanistic basis underlying the genotoxicity of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and TEGDMA is related to homologous recombination and gene/chromosomal mutation (28). BISGMA and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) had no statistically significant effect on genetic apparatus (29,30). Conversely, both compounds exhibited genotoxicity in V79 cells detected by comet assay and micronucleus test (15,30).…”