Genetic Transformation Methods for Crop Improvement- A Brief Review

Abstract

Decades of documented successful pieces of evidence in agritech have shown us a clear picture of the importance of biotechnology in crop improvement. The production in agriculture should have steady growth and to achieve these objective conventional methods should go on parallel with biotechnological approaches. Genetic engineering which has revolutionized the path of crop improvement involves the identification and transfer of novel genes into the existing elite cultivars. Different methods of transferring the gene into plant cells have been developed and continuous efforts have been made to increase its efficiency. Both direct and indirect method of gene transfer has its own merits and demerits. Efforts have been made continuously to eliminate drawbacks and to develop an easy, elite and eco-friendly method to transfer genes. The transformation method which is a base of genetic engineering is vital and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer and gene gun have shown to be doing well in recent years. As a whole the methodology involved, merits and demerits of different methods have been briefly discussed.

Betula alnoides Admixed with Castanopsis hystrix or Cunninghamia lanceolata from Two Reforestation Case Studies in Southeast China

“…As early as 2018, that the larvae of L. xylina were found to harm the pure forest of C. hystrix nearby which might be the host plant for this species. After reforestation, no serious damage by the adults of longhorn beetle and the larvae of L. xylina was found without any pesticide control (Meena et al, 2018;Jyothi and Hebsur, 2017;Kavipriya et al, 2019).…”

Bioteknologi Teori dan Aplikasi

“…DNA dibawa ke dalam sel tumbuhan melalui partikel kecil pembawa yang terbuat dari emas atau tungsten dengan ukuran diameter 0,5 -5 mikron dan berat 25 mg. Partikel ini membungkus gen yang diinginkan lalu ditembakkan ke dalam sel-sel tanaman atau jaringan, biasanya menggunakan gas helium bertekanan 900 psi. Beberapa partikel masuk ke dalam inti sel, lalu materi genetik yang diintroduksi bergabung dengan DNA inti (Sanford, 1990 ;Kavipriya et al, 2019) (Gambar 4). Gambar 6.5 Mekanisme transformansi DNA metode penembakan partikel (Kavipriya et al 2019) Tidak seperti metode transformasi DNA secara tidak langsung yang host spesifik, metode ini telah berhasil digunakan pada banyak jenis tanaman, antara lain tembakau, kedelai, padi, jagung, gandum, kapas dan mangga (Karipriya et al, 2019).…”

Comparative Review of Plant Transformation Techniques

“…The continuous existing of humans is possible only by increasing food grain production and productivity. To achieve this conventional plant breeding approaches should be used in combination with biotechnological methods and develop a more reliable efficient method [4]. Genetic engineering facilitates the easy transfer of gene which is inter-generic, inter-specific and also even inter-kingdom.…”