“…Among these, ECS are the ideal explant because they are unicellular in origin, resulting in the production of stable nonchimeric plants for transgenic work (S agi et al, 2000). Various genetic transformation methods have been developed, such as electric shock (Sagi et al, 1994), biolistic bombardment transformation (Becker et al, 2000;Chee et al, 2005;Daniels et al, 2018;S agi et al, 1995;Vishnevetsky et al, 2011), Agrobacteriummediated transformation (Ganapathi et al, 2001;Ghag et al, 2012;Ghosh et al, 2009;Hu et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2007;Khanna et al, 2004;Kov acs et al, 2013;May et al, 1995;Remy et al, 2005;Shivani and Tiwari, 2019), and biolistic bombardment combined with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (Liu et al, 2017). At present, genetic transformation of Agrobacterium-mediated ECS is the most widely used protocol because the problem of material browning during the transgenic period is abrogated by coculturing in a liquid medium, which significantly improves the yield of transgenic bananas (Ghosh et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2007).…”